Terms : Hide Images
| 5839071012 | sensation | Sensory receptors receive external stimuli & take transducted messages to the brain | 0 | |
| 5839071013 | perception | Process of attending, organizing and interpreting sensory information | 1 | |
| 5839071014 | bottom up processing | Noticing little detail 1st then to big picture | 2 | |
| 5839071015 | top down processing | Noticing big picture 1st then little detail | 3 | |
| 5839071016 | psychophysics | Measuring the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity | 4 | |
| 5839071017 | absolute threshold | the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time | 5 | |
| 5839071018 | signal detection theory | Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and level of fatigue | 6 | |
| 5839071019 | subliminal | below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness | 7 | |
| 5839071020 | priming | Getting "hints" to make associations in perception, memory, or hypnosis | 8 | |
| 5839071021 | difference threshold | the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time; we experience this as a *just noticeable difference* | 9 | |
| 5839071022 | Weber's law | To notice a difference two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage | 10 | |
| 5839071023 | sensory adaptation | diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation I.e. Enter a cold pool. Five minutes later you're "used to" the water. | 11 | |
| 5839071024 | transduction | In sensation, the transforming of extrenal stimulus , such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret | 12 | |
| 5839071025 | wavelength | the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next | 13 | |
| 5839071026 | hue | the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, etc. | 14 | |
| 5839071027 | intensity | the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude | 15 | |
| 5839071028 | pupil | the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters |  | 16 |
| 5839071029 | iris | a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening |  | 17 |
| 5839071030 | lens | the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |  | 18 |
| 5839071031 | accommodation | the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina | 19 | |
| 5839071032 | retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |  | 20 |
| 5839071033 | acuity | the sharpness of vision; best in the centrally-located fovea | 21 | |
| 5839071034 | nearsightedness | a condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina | 22 | |
| 5839071035 | farsightedness | a condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina | 23 | |
| 5839071036 | rods | retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision | 24 | |
| 5839071037 | cones | retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight detecting fine detail and color | 25 | |
| 5839071038 | optic nerve | the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |  | 26 |
| 5839071039 | blind spot | the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there |  | 27 |
| 5839071040 | fovea | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster |  | 28 |
| 5839071041 | feature detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement | 29 | |
| 5839071042 | parallel processing | the brain unconsciously processing of several aspects of a situation simultaneously [i.e. seeing color, shape, motion] | 30 | |
| 5839071043 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-- red, green, blue-- which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color |  | 31 |
| 5839071044 | opponent process theory | the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision & after-images |  | 32 |
| 5839071045 | color constancy | perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object |  | 33 |
| 5839071046 | audition | the sense or act of hearing | 34 | |
| 5839071047 | frequency theory | Best for low pitch & based on how often the hairs on the basilar membrane fire | 35 | |
| 5839071048 | place theory | Best for high pitch & based of the location within the cochlea | 36 | |
| 5839071049 | decibel | the measuring unit for sound energy (loudness) | 37 | |
| 5839071050 | outer ear | the visible part of the ear that channels the sound waves through the auditory canal to the eardrum |  | 38 |
| 5839071051 | eardrum | a tight membrane in the inner ear that vibrates with the sound waves |  | 39 |
| 5839071052 | middle ear | the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window |  | 40 |
| 5839071053 | cochlea | a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses |  | 41 |
| 5839071054 | inner ear | the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs |  | 42 |
| 5839071055 | basilar membrane | a structure separating two liquid-filled tubes that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells | 43 | |
| 5839071056 | hair cells | the hairlike sensory receptors for sound, which are embedded in the basilar membrane of the cochlea damage to these accounts for most hearing loss | 44 | |
| 5839071057 | Clairvoyance | Knowing something is occurring without experiencing the actual stimuli (i.e. distance viewing) | 45 | |
| 5839071058 | Telepathy | Reading another's thoughts | 46 | |
| 5839071059 | volley principle | Alternating firing of hair cells to help with low pitch hearing | 47 | |
| 5839071060 | conduction hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system (ear drum or bones in ear) that conducts sound waves to the cochlea | 48 | |
| 5839071061 | sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness (most common) | 49 | |
| 5839071063 | gate control theory | the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain; the gate is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve gibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain | 50 | |
| 5839071064 | sensory interaction | the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste | 51 | |
| 5839071065 | kinesthesis | the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts | 52 | |
| 5839071066 | vestibular sense | the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance | 53 | |
| 5839071067 | selective attention | Ability to focus & tune out extraneous information | 54 | |
| 5839071068 | cocktail party effect | Specific type of selective attention involving conservation & crowd noise | 55 | |
| 5839071069 | inattentional blindness | Missing something because you were focused on something else (i.e. texting so missed the stop sign) | 56 | |
| 5839071070 | pop out phenomenon | When a person scans a long list of items, something different or unusual will draw itself to attention automatically | 57 | |
| 5839071071 | visual capture | when senses compete - vision wins! | 58 | |
| 5839071072 | Gestalt | The sum is more that the parts | 59 | |
| 5839071073 | figure ground | Important stimuli is the focus & less important stuff becomes the background | 60 | |
| 5839071074 | grouping | chunking similar things togther | 61 | |
| 5839071075 | depth perception | the ability to perceive the relative distance of objects in one's visual field | 62 | |
| 5839071076 | visual cliff | test set up to determine if infants (& other young animals) could perceive depth | 63 | |
| 5839071077 | binocular cues | Needs 2 eyes to detect depth | 64 | |
| 5839071078 | retinal disparity | Slightly different images perceived by each eye allow depth perception | 65 | |
| 5839071079 | convergence | As objects come towards you, your eyes cross revealing closer depth | 66 | |
| 5839071080 | monocular cues | Needing only 1 eye to sense depth | 67 | |
| 5839071081 | Phi phenomenon | Perceiving motion due to flashing lights | 68 | |
| 5839071082 | perceptual constancy | Perceiving shape, color, & size to remain the same even though the sensation on the retina differs | 69 | |
| 5839071083 | shape constancy | Perceiving shape to remain the same even though the sensation on the retina differs | 70 | |
| 5839071084 | size constancy | Perceiving size to remain the same even though the sensation on the retina differs | 71 | |
| 5839071085 | lightness constancy | Perceiving lightness / brightness to remain the same even though the sensation on the retina differs | 72 | |
| 5839071086 | Precognition | Knowledge of the Future | 73 | |
| 5839071087 | perceptual adaptation | ability to adjust to changes in our sensations. For example, we eventually get used to new glasses that make the world look funky | 74 | |
| 5839071088 | perceptual set | Mental predisposition that greatly influences what we see (Top Down Processing) Through experience we form "schemas" (concepts that organize unfamiliar material) | 75 | |
| 5839071089 | human factors psychology | Sub-field of I/O psych, focuses on performance between human behavior & technology/machines | 76 | |
| 5839071090 | extrasensory perception | the belief that some people can sense things beyond our normal senses (sight, sound, etc.) | 77 | |
| 5839071091 | parapsychology | The study of ESP | 78 | |
| 5839689456 | closure | Receiver finishes where the sender leaves off |  | 79 |
| 5839698076 | Linear perspective | parallel lines meet at the horizon |  | 80 |
