Terms : Hide Images
| 7180391833 | sensation | the process by which we detect physical energy from the environment and encode it as neural signals | 0 | |
| 7180391834 | perception | the process by which sensations are selected, organized, and interpreted | 1 | |
| 7180391835 | bottom-up processing | sensory analysis that beings with sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information | 2 | |
| 7180391836 | top-down processing | perceptual analysis that is based on our experience and expectations | 3 | |
| 7180391837 | prosopagnosia | perceptual disorder where a person loses ability to recognize familiar faces | 4 | |
| 7180391838 | psychophysics | study of how physical energy affects our psychological experience ex: what stimuli can we detect | 5 | |
| 7180391839 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular thing 50% of the time | 6 | |
| 7180391840 | signal detection theory | predicts when we will detect weak signals seek to understand why people respond differently to the same stimuli and why the same person's reactions vary as circumstances change states that a absolute threshold also depends on person's psychological state | 7 | |
| 7180391841 | subliminal threshold | stimuli that are detectable less than 50% of the time | 8 | |
| 7180391842 | difference threshold (just noticeable difference) | minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time ex: different in wine tastes | 9 | |
| 7180391843 | Weber's Law | principle that difference threshold is a constant proportion of the stimulus | 10 | |
| 7180391844 | sensory adaptation | diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus ex: cold pool | 11 | |
| 7180391845 | sensory transduction | stimuli are converted into neural messages | 12 | |
| 7180391846 | wavelength | distance from one light wave peak to the next determines the color | 13 | |
| 7180391847 | hue | color | 14 | |
| 7180391848 | intensity | brightness of a color that is determined by the amount of energy (amplitude) of the light wave | 15 | |
| 7180391849 | cornea | light enters and is bent to provide focus | 16 | |
| 7180391850 | pupil | adjustable opening in the center of the eye where light enters | 17 | |
| 7180391851 | iris | colored part of eye that regulates pupil's size and the amount of light that enters | 18 | |
| 7180391852 | lens | part behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina | 19 | |
| 7180391853 | accommodation | process by which eye's lens changes shape | 20 | |
| 7180391854 | retina | light-sensitive inner part of eye that begins processing visual information | 21 | |
| 7180391855 | acuity | sharpness of vision | 22 | |
| 7180391856 | nearsightedness | misshapen eyeball focuses light from distant objects in front of the retina near objects are seen more clearly than distant ones | 23 | |
| 7180391857 | farsightedness | light rays from nearby objects reach the retina before they focus near objects are blurry | 24 | |
| 7180391858 | rod and cone | retina's receptor cells | 25 | |
| 7180391859 | optic nerve | nerve that carries neural impulses form the eye to the brain | 26 | |
| 7180391860 | blind spot | point where optic nerve leaves the eye, where no receptor cells are located | 27 | |
| 7180391861 | fovea | central point of retina, where cones cluster | 28 | |
| 7180391862 | cones | help see color and details | 29 | |
| 7180391863 | rods | enable black-and-white vision useful in dim light | 30 | |
| 7180391864 | Hubel and Wiesel | demonstrated that visual cortex has feature detector neurons | 31 | |
| 7180391865 | feature detectors | nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of stimulus like shape, angle, or movement | 32 | |
| 7180391866 | parallel processing | processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously | 33 | |
| 7180391867 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | theory that the retina contains 3 different color receptors (red, green, blue) that can produce the perception of any color when combined | 34 | |
| 7180391868 | additive color mixing | adding wavelengths and increasing light |  | 35 |
| 7180391869 | subtractive color mixing | subtracting wavelengths from reflected light |  | 36 |
| 7180391870 | Herring's opponent-process theory | theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision | 37 | |
| 7180391871 | color constancy | the phenomenon in which we see familiar objects as having a consistent color, even if changing light affects the wavelengths | 38 | |
| 7180391872 | audition | the sense or act of hearing, created by compression and expansion of sound waves | 39 | |
| 7180391873 | amplitude of sound wave | determines loudness | 40 | |
| 7180391874 | frequency of soundwave | determines pitch | 41 | |
| 7180391875 | decibel | measurement for sound energy absolute threshold: 0 decibel | 42 | |
| 7180391876 | visible outer ear | channels sound waves through auditory canal to the eardrum | 43 | |
| 7180391877 | eardrum | tight membrane that vibrates with the waves | 44 | |
| 7180391878 | middle ear | chamber between eardrum and cochlea that concentrates the vibrations on the cochlea contains hammer, anvil, and stirrup | 45 | |
| 7180391879 | cochlea | snail-shaped tube in the inner ear though which sound waves trigger nerve impulses contains receptors for hearing | 46 | |
| 7180391880 | inner ear | the innermost part of the ear that contains the cochlea, semicircurlar canals, and vestibular sacs | 47 | |
| 7180391881 | Holmholtz's place theory | theory that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different place along the basilar membrane doesn't explain low pitch | 48 | |
| 7180391882 | frequency theory | theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, which lets us sense pitch doesn't explain high pitch | 49 | |
| 7180391883 | volley principle | neurons firing in rapid succession can achieve a combined frequency of over 1000 times per second | 50 | |
| 7180391884 | conduction hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea | 51 | |
| 7180391885 | sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors or associated nerves AKA nerve deafness | 52 | |
| 7180391886 | cochlear implant | a device that converts sounds into electrical signals and stimulates the auditory nerves through electrodes | 53 | |
| 7180391887 | hyperalgesia | extreme sensitivity to something that others find only mildly painful | 54 | |
| 7180391888 | phantom limb sensation | a sensation in pain in an amputated limb | 55 | |
| 7180391889 | tinnitus | ringing-in-the-ears sensation | 56 | |
| 7180391890 | Melzack and Wall's gate-control theory | theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain or allows them to continue it is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers it is closed by activity in larger fibers or information from the brain | 57 | |
| 7180391891 | basic touch senses | pressure, warmth, cold, and pain | 58 | |
| 7180391892 | basic taste senses | bitter, sour, sweet, salty, unami | 59 | |
| 7180391893 | sensory interaction | the principle that one sense influences another, like with smell and taste | 60 | |
| 7180391894 | McGurk effect | when we see a speaker saying one syllable while hearing another, we may perceive a third syllable that blends them together | 61 | |
| 7180391895 | synaesthesia | one sense produces another | 62 | |
| 7180391896 | kinesthesis | sense of our body parts' position and movement | 63 | |
| 7180391897 | vestibular sense | sense of body movement and position in the inner ear | 64 |
