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AP Psychology: Test 5 Flashcards

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6017246835Harlowstudied monkeys to determine what livings things need in order to form attachment; changed the perspective of how babies are born and raised; not nourishment but comfort is what is needed0
6017247182Kohlerbergstages of morality1
6020505699Eriksonpsychosocial roles:2
6020505700Ainswortha child has a sense of safety in room with mom. And without the mom they feel insecure.3
6020509772Kubler-Rossstages of greif4
6020512543Developmental Psychologya branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.5
6020513963Industrial Psychology6
6020522224Identical Twinsdevelop from a single fertilized egg that splits into 2 forming 2 genetically identical humans7
6020524174Fraternal Twinsdevelop from separate eggs and are genetically no more similar than an ordinary broth or sister8
6020524175Sex vs. gendervs. the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female9
6020527588Zygotethe fertilized egg, it enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops10
6020527589Embryothe developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month11
6020527590Fetusdeveloping human organism from 9 weeks after conception12
6020531688Nature vs. Nurture13
6020533479Stability or change14
6020533480gender differencegender is social / sex is physical15
6020536237Teratogensagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo of fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.16
6020536238FASphysical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial abnormalities17
6020536239Rooting reflexa baby's tendency when toughed on the cheek to turn towards the touch, open mouth, and search for the nipple18
6020538570Morobaby gets "big" when frightened; a defence mechanism or evolutionary19
6020538571Imprintingthe process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.20
6020541251Critical Periodsan optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces peoper development21
6020541252Maturationbiological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience - of motor development (roll over, crawl, walk)22
6020545984Piaget Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational23
6020545985Schemaa concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.24
6020548213Assimilationinterperting one's new experiences in terms of one's existing schema's25
6020548214Accommodationsadapting one's current understanding(schema) to incorperate new information26
6020551060Holophrasticone word; 4 months to babble sounds27
6020557225Telegraphictwo words; 10 months to babble resembling language28
6020557226Sensorimotorin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth -2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities29
6020560833Stranger Anxietythe fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months old30
6020563128Object Permanencethe awareness that things continue to exist even when not persieved (peek-a-boo)31
6020568747Pre-operational Stagein Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2-7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic32
6020568748Egocentricin Piaget's theory, the pre-operational child's difficulty taking another's point of view33
6020573914Theory of MindPeople's ideas about their own and others mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.34
6020575659Concrete Operationalin Piaget's theory, the stages of cognitive development (7-11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.35
6020575680Law of Conservationprinciple (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects36
6020578160Formal OperationalPiaget's theory, the stages of cognitive development (12+ years) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts37
6020580877Kohlberg's Moral DevelopmentPreconventional Morality (egocentric) > Conventional Morality (sociocentric) > Post Conventional Morality (greater good)38
6020580878Pre-conventionalbefore age 9, most children have self-interest. they obey either to avoid punishment or to gain reward.39
6020585368Conventionalby early adolescence, morality usually evolves to a level that cares for others and upholds the law and social rules simply because they are laws.40
6020585369Post-conventionalsome of those who develop the abstract reasoning of thought may come to a third level. Affirms people's agreed upon rights or follows what one personally percieve41
6020590161Attachmentan emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation42
6020591984Secure Attachmentcaregiver is consistent and appropriate therefore the child is willing to explore43
6020597096Ambivalent / Resistant (insecure Attachment)caregiver is inconsistent with responses (can't count of parent) > child will be anxious, clingy, need for attention, struggle with relationships44
6020602039Disorganized (insecure attachment)Caregiver show neglect & abuse (physical / emotional) consequences show lack of conscience, animal cruelty, self-harming, theft, crime, poor relationships and self esteem45
6020604093"Strange Situation"Mary Ainsworth in 1969 to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and a child46
6020606270Temperamenta person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity47
6020606271Parenting stylespermissive, authoritarian, authoritative48
6020609283Permissiveparents submit to their children's desires, make few demands, and use little punishment.49
6020612262Authoritarianparents impose rules and experts obidience50
6020612263Authoritativeparents are both demanding and responsive. They control not only by setting rules and enforcing them but also by explaining the reasons and especially with older children, encouraging open discussion and allowing exceptions when making the rules.51
6020616869Erkison Psychosocial Development"Identity Crisis" - each stage we face a crisis that is determined by our environment, we learn through our experiences.52
6020619856Trust vs. Mistrusteither parent is consistent and is always there we learn to trust or not consistant and mistrust53
6020623125Autonomy vs. Shame and doubtkids feel comfortable to start some independency without shame because they know its concrete54
6020626383Initiative vs. Guilt"it's all about me" - kids feel more independence and safe towards change (asking why)55
6020631746Industry vs. Inferiorityeliminatory school that effects child's confidence56
6020637975Identity vs. role sonfusionforming an identity but if you are inferior personality you won't go to far out of the box57
6020641747intimacy vs. isolationchoosing to be in a relationship / not or your intimacy levels.58
6020648156Generativity vs. Stagnationmid life crisis the focus going from kids to either "go to work" or "do something for others"59
6020651813Integrity vs. despaireither they have integrity and enjoyed life and are content with it or they have despair and dont feel content and always are complaining60
6020651814Personal Fabletype of (teen) reasoning that uses egocentric aspect "you don't understand"61
6020654777Invincibilitytype of (teen) reasoning that nothing is going to hurt you and you always feel in control62
6020723044Rationalizationtype of (teen) reasoning to make yourself feel better63
6020724963Longitudinal Studyresearch in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.64
6020727105Cross-cultural Studya study in which people of different ages are compared with one another65
6020829207Crystallized Intelligenceis wisdom and increases as you are66
6020992025Fluid Intelligancereaction time and ability to learn decreases as you age67
6021008688Stages of GriefBefore 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Accepting After 1. Shock 2. Anger 3. Depression 4. Acceptance68

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