Terms : Hide Images
| 4275760552 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 4275760553 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 4275760554 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category; matching new items to it provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin) | 2 | |
| 4275760555 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error-prone use of heuristics | 3 | |
| 4275760556 | heuristics | simple thinking strategies that often allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but more error-prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 4275760557 | insight | a sudden and often new realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 4275760558 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | 6 | |
| 4275760559 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | 7 | |
| 4275760560 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 8 | |
| 4275760561 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 9 | |
| 4275760562 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | 10 | |
| 4275760563 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | 11 | |
| 4275760564 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | 12 | |
| 4275760565 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 13 | |
| 4275760566 | belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seems valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | 14 | |
| 4275760567 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 15 | |
| 4275760568 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 16 | |
| 4275760569 | phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 17 | |
| 4275760570 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix) | 18 | |
| 4275760571 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 19 | |
| 4275760572 | semantics | the set of rules by which we prices meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | 20 | |
| 4275760573 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 21 | |
| 4275760574 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 22 | |
| 4275760575 | one word stage | the stage in speech development, from age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | 23 | |
| 4275760576 | two word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements | 24 | |
| 4275760577 | telegraphic stage | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- "go car"- using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words | 25 | |
| 4275760578 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 26 |
