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AP Psychology Treatment & Therapy Flashcards

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7094025182Insight Therapiesa type of psychotherapy in which the therapist helps their patient understand how their feelings, beliefs, actions, and events from the past are influencing their current mindset.0
7094025183Behavioral TherapiesA type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing or reducing the occurrence of some maladaptive behavior1
7094025184Bio-medical TherapiesUse a prescribed medication or medical procedure that acts directly on the patient's nervous system2
7094025185Eclectic ApproachThe type treatment used will depend on the client's problems3
7094025186Psychoanalytic TherapyAssumption: Problems stem from unconscious conflicts that usually date back to childhood experiences Aim: help patients gain insight into unconscious conflicts Evaluation: old, outdated, and lacks empirical evidence People: Freud4
7094025187Free AssociationPatient lays on couch freely exposes thoughts, feelings, and mental images going on in their mind Therapist must encourage the flow of associations to provide clues to what the unconscious is hiding5
7094025188Dream AnalysisPatient describes the "manifest content" of the dream Therapist uncovers the "latent content" of the dream6
7094025189TransferenceThe patient projects or transfers unresolved conflicts and feelings onto the therapist (Could be love or hatred of a parent) Therapist helps patients gain insight by reliving painful past relationships7
7094025190Psychodynamic TherapySimilarity to Psychoanalysis because they try to enhance self-insight by focusing on "unconscious forces" that and childhood experiences Differs from Psychoanalysis because they talk face to face and don't meet as much8
7094025191Humanistic TherapiesAssumption: Problems stem from obstacles that block personal growth and potential Aim: Focus on the present time (here and now) Evaluation: Unstructured, vague and subjective leaving it with little empirical proof People: Rogers9
7094025192Client Centered TherapyRefer to people as "clients" and not patients Non-directive Approach where therapist listens without judgment and refrains from directing the client10
7094025193Unconditional Positive RegardImportant element of client centered therapy developed by Carl Rogers Blanket acceptance and support of a person regardless of what ether person says or does.11
7094025194Active Listeninginvolves echoing, restating and seeking clarification of what the client says and does, and acknowledging feelings12
7094025195Empathyrecognizing the clients feelings and reflecting it back to the client13
7094025196Behavioral Therapies (aka Behavior Modification)Assumption: Problems stem from destructive behaviors Aim: Use learning principles to replace problem behaviors with constructive behaviors Evaluation: Effective but minimizes emotions People: Wolpe, Cover-Jones14
7094025197CounterconditioningUsing classical conditioning principles to create a new conditioned stimulus Includes exposure and aversive therapies15
7094025198Systematic DesensitizationThree Step Process: (1) learn progressive relaxation, (2) build an "anxiety hierarchy", (3) combine steps 1 and 216
7094025199FloodingA behavioral technique used to treat phobias in which the client is presented with the feared stimulus until the associated anxiety disappears.17
7094025200Bell and Pad TreatmentA behavior therapy technique used to treat nighttime bedwetting by conditioning arousal from sleep in response to bodily signals of a full bladder18
7094025201Aversive Conditioninguse of something unpleasant, or a punishment, to stop an unwanted behavior19
7094025202Token EconomyA system whereby participants earn generalized conditioned reinforcers (e.g., tokens, chips, points) as an immediate consequence for specific behaviors; participants accumulate tokens and exchange them for items and activities from a menu of backup reinforcers.20
7094025203Cognitive TherapiesAssumption:Faulty thoughts, such as negative self-talk and irrational beliefs, cause psychological problems Aims: change the faulty thoughts and replace with better ones Evaluation: Effective but minimizes emotions People: Ellis & Beck21
7094025204Rational Emotive therapy (RET) or Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)Albert Ellis's cognitive therapy to eliminate emotional problems through the rational examination of irrational beliefs.22
7094025205Negative Cognitive BiasAaron Beck found depressed people consistently distort their experiences in a negative cognitive way23
7094025206Cognitive Behavioral Therpaya popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy24
7094025207Group TherapyA group of 3-10 people meet to discuss similar problems, role play new behaviors, and receive instant feedback Evaluation: Effective (financially & psychologically) and people realize they are not alone in their problems25
7094025208Family TherapyViews an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members hopes to identify unhealthy patterns and create new healthy rules & interactions Couples counseling is very similar26
7094025209Placebo EffectDefined: you believe it works due to the power of the mind Clients' and therapists' believe the treatment will work and therefore it does27
7094025210Regression towards the meanDefined: the tendency for unusual events (including emotions) to return to their average state Example: When things hit bottom, going to a therapist is more likely to be followed by improvement than by further descent.28
7094025211Meta Analysisa procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies29
7094025212Effective TherapiesNo one therapy has been shown to be best in all cases but some therapies are better suited for particular disorders Most _________ __________ are when the problem is clear cut30
7094025213Evidence Based Practiceinvolves clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. In short, available therapies are rigorously evaluated and then applied by clinicians who are mindful of their skills and of each patient's unique situation.31
7094025214Shared Elements of TherapyHope, New perspective, and an empathetic, caring relationship32
7094025215EMDRtherapist waves a finger inferno of the eyes of the client to unlock and reprocess previously frozen traumatic memories33
7094025216Light Exposure Therapya client is exposed to daily doses of light that mimics outdoor light used to fight against seasonal affective disorder (SAD)34
7094025217PsychopharmacologyAssumption: biological causes exists for the disorders or behaviors Aims: provide the right medication Evaluation: helpful but medicine cannot solve all problems35
7094025218Neurolepticsprescription drugs used to reduce symptoms36
7094025219Tardive Dyskinesiainvoluntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors37
7094025220Anti-Anxiety DrugsHow it works: treats anxiety by increasing the level of GABA and therefore depress the activity in the central nervous system Popular Drugs: Xanax, and Valium Negative Side Effects: addictive and only reduces symptoms in the short term38
7094025221Typical Anti-Psychotic DrugsHow it works: treat schizophrenic hallucinations and paranoia by reducing dopamine activity Popular Drugs: Thorazine Negative Side Effects: tardive dyskinesia39
7094025222Atypical Anti-Psychotic DrugsHow it works: treat all schizophrenic symptoms by blocking dopamine & serotonin Popular Drugs: Abilify Negative Side Effects: less harmful than typical ones40
7094025223Mood Stabilizing DrugsHow it works: used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing Glutamate levels in order to stabilize current and future moods Popular Drugs: Lithium & Depakote Negative Side Effects: small difference between appropriate and toxic dosage level41
7094025224SSRIHow it works: Treats depression by preventing the reuptake of serotonin Popular Drugs: Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil Advantages: milder side effects making it the most popular anti-depressant42
7094025225LobotomyA now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.43
7094025226Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient44
7094025227repetitive Trans-cranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)performed on wide-awake patients where magnetic energy penetrates only to the brain's surface does not have the side effects of ECT45
7094025228BioPsychoSocial Approach to Treating DisordersUsing aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, social connection, anti-rumination, and nutritional supplements to fight and prevent psychological problems46
7094025229Preventing Mental Health Issues1. Build Resilience: an ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity. 2. Build a loving, nuturing environment47

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