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| 8868713278 | Personality | Def: An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. Ex: Each person varies in their personality. | 0 | |
| 8868724121 | Free Association | Def: In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes, and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. Ex: Saying everything you think of. | 1 | |
| 8868741370 | Psychoanalysis | Def: Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders are seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. Ex: Studying the way we think and behave unconsciously and how it affects our personality. | 2 | |
| 8868763467 | Unconscious | Def: According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thought, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. Ex: The state where we think and wish. | 3 | |
| 8868798861 | Id | Def: A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. Ex: The energy that is unconscious in driving to satisfy sexual and aggressive desire. | 4 | |
| 8868815883 | Ego | Def: The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Ex: Satisfying the id's desires but in a realistic way. | 5 | |
| 8868832350 | Superego | Def: The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations. Ex: Provides standards for judgement and aspirations. | 6 | |
| 8868850475 | Psychosexual Stages | Def: The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking-energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. Ex: Childhood sexual development influences the id's energy. | 7 | |
| 8868871880 | Oedipus Complex | Def: According to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. Ex: Falling in love with your mother. | 8 | |
| 8868886275 | Identification | Def: The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos. Ex: Implementing parents' values as you grow. | 9 | |
| 8868896126 | Fixation | Def: According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved. Ex: Orally overindulged. | 10 | |
| 8868918799 | Defense Mechanisms | Def: In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. Ex: Changing your perception of reality to reduce anxiety. | 11 | |
| 8868941660 | Repression | Def: In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. Ex: Pushing back unwanted thoughts. | 12 | |
| 8873083433 | Regression | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated. Ex: Retreating back to an earlier development stage where you felt less pressured and more safe. | 13 | |
| 8868965512 | Reaction Formation | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. Ex: Going to thinking of cheating to loving the person more than ever. | 14 | |
| 8873204897 | Projection | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by them to others. Ex: Feeling guilty for doing something and accusing someone else. | 15 | |
| 8873215394 | Rationalization | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. Ex: Drinking just to fit in. | 16 | |
| 8873230947 | Displacement | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet. Ex: Redirecting sexual and aggressive impulses. | 17 | |
| 8873289436 | Sublimination | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities. Ex: Sexual desires into sculpting nude statues. | 18 | |
| 8873304778 | Denial | Def: Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities. Ex: Refusing the truth. | 19 | |
| 8873313074 | Collective Unconscious | Def: Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. Ex: How historical spiritual practices have influenced people throughout time. | 20 | |
| 8873246530 | Projective Test | Def: A personality test, such as Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics. Ex: Psychological X-ray. | 21 | |
| 8873276180 | Rorschach Inkblot Test | Def: The most widely projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. Ex: |  | 22 |
| 8873263664 | Thematic Apperception Test | Def: A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up amount ambiguous scenes. Ex: Telling the story of a daydream. | 23 | |
| 8881685458 | Terror-Management Theory | Def: A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death. Ex: Facing the inevitable death anxiety. | 24 | |
| 8881704170 | Self-Actualization | Def: According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential. Ex: The process of fulfilling our potential. | 25 | |
| 8881716821 | Unconditional Positive | Def: According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. Ex: Total acceptance and positivity to others. | 26 | |
| 8881733984 | Self-Concept | Def: All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?" Ex: Our role in society and discovering who we are. | 27 | |
| 8922886948 | Trait | Def: A characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports. Ex: Friendly | 28 | |
| 8922890579 | Personality Inventory | Def: A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits. Ex: To what level do you agree that you are socially active? | 29 | |
| 8922904764 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | Def: The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes. Ex: Test used to evaluate a personal inventory. | 30 | |
| 8922913454 | Empirically Derived Test | Def: A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups. Ex: Masculinity vs. femininity | 31 | |
| 8922922937 | Social-Cognitive Perspective | Def: Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context. Ex: How people think and act socially. | 32 | |
| 8922926525 | Reciprocal Determinism | Def: The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment. Ex: How the interaction of behavior, cognition, and the environment work together. | 33 | |
| 8951953851 | Personal Control | Def: The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless. Ex: How people control themselves in situations. | 34 | |
| 8951962291 | External Locus Of Control | Def: The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate. Ex: Spirits and prophecies determine fate. | 35 | |
| 8951993593 | Internal Locus of Control | Def: The perception that you control your own fate. Ex: You determine your life. | 36 | |
| 8952004436 | Positive Psychology | Def: The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. Ex: Studying positivity in human life and how we can become more positive. | 37 | |
| 8952024585 | Self | Def: In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Ex: Center of personality and our mind processes. | 38 | |
| 8969368615 | Spotlight Effect | Def: Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us). Ex: Thinking people are staring. | 39 | |
| 8969394693 | Self-Esteem | Def: One's feelings of high or low self-worth Ex: How satisfied you are with yourself. | 40 | |
| 8969401628 | Self-Serving Bias | Def: A readiness to perceive oneself favorably. Ex: Thinking about yourself positively. | 41 | |
| 8969408142 | Individualism | Def: Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. Ex: Doing your own work than choosing to help with the work's | 42 | |
| 8969414535 | Collectivism | Def: Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. Ex: Being and living amongst a group. | 43 |
