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| 14971358129 | behavioral perspective | - the viewpoint of how someone acts - a psychological perspective that finds the source of our actions in environmental stimuli, rather than in inner mental processes | 0 | |
| 14971377033 | behaviorism | - study of behavior - a historical school that has sought to make psychology an objective science that focused only on behavior to the exclusion of mental processes | 1 | |
| 14971439438 | biopsychology (neuroscience) perspective | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis | 2 | |
| 14971477551 | cognitive perspective | a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, perception, and thinkings as forms of information processes | 3 | |
| 14971509535 | developmental perspective | the psychological perspective emphasizing changes that occur across a lifespan | 4 | |
| 14971524690 | evolutionary perspective | the approach to psychology that stresses the importance of behavioral and mental adaptiveness based on the assumption that mental capabilities evolved over millions of years to serve particular adaptive purposes | 5 | |
| 14971570744 | functionalism | a historical school of psychology that believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function | 6 | |
| 14971610584 | humanistic perspective | a psychological model that emphasizes an individuals phenomenal world and inherent capacity for making rational choices and developing to maximum potential | 7 | |
| 14971865849 | industrial organizational psychology | - the branch of psychology that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations - ex. focuses on increasing workplace productivity | 8 | |
| 14971889824 | introspection | the process of reporting one's own conscious mental experiences | 9 | |
| 14971897213 | John Watson | - founder of behaviorism - emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation - Little Albert study | 10 | |
| 14971949793 | psychoanalytic perspective | focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind and how an individual's childhood experiences have shaped it | 11 | |
| 14971972518 | sociocultural perspective | a psychological perspective emphasizing the importance of social interaction | 12 | |
| 14972005493 | structuralism | - a historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up the mind and thought - elements of conscious experience | 13 | |
| 14972046573 | Wilhelm Wundt | founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology in 1879 in Germany | 14 | |
| 14972064779 | William James | - wrote a two volume work, "The Principles of Psychology" - found the first laboratory in the U.S. at Harvard | 15 | |
| 14972088668 | APA ethical guidelines for humans | - informed consent - deception - coercion - anonymity - risk - debriefing | 16 | |
| 14972107978 | case study | research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth over an extended period of time | 17 | |
| 14972131186 | cofounding variables | variables that have an unwanted influence on the outcome of an experiment | 18 | |
| 14972143812 | correlation | a relationship between variables | 19 | |
| 14972226504 | Experiments showing facilitated communication to be ineffective were similar to the experiment that exposed Clever Hans. Specifically, what did both experiments have in common? | Neither Von Osten nor the facilitators could see the questions. | 20 | |
| 14972374158 | The confirmation bias refers to a mental process that explains, among other things, why people | believe in psychology | 21 | |
| 14972395007 | Which one would be considered an applied psychologist? | an industrial organizational psychologist | 22 | |
| 14972453659 | Which one of the following would be most likely to do research upon learning or memory? | an experimental psychologist | 23 | |
| 14972502632 | Psychology is different from other disciplines, such as psychiatry, that deal with people because | psychology is a broader field | 24 | |
| 14972524206 | Gestalt psychology | a historical school of psychology that sought to understand how the brain works by studying perception and perceptual learning | 25 | |
| 14972571723 | The ancient Greek's approach to psychology wasn't scientific because | they failed to check their opinions against controlled observations | 26 | |
| 14972601039 | Rene Descartes made a science of psychology possible when he suggested that | sensations and perceptions are the result of activity in the nervous system | 27 | |
| 14972646160 | One of the roots of cognitive psychology sought to identify the "elements of conscious experience." Adherents to this viewpoint were called | structuralists | 28 | |
| 14972676148 | Which of the following is a method you would use to tell whether a friend had experienced a perceptual shift while viewing the Nectar cube? | introspectrum | 29 | |
| 14972680262 | Modern psychology has strong roots in all of the following traditions | - Greek philosophy - biology - functionalism - structuralism | 30 | |
| 14972767422 | Which of the following approaches to psychology would say the the differences between the behavior of males and females are the result of different survival and reproduction issues faced by the two sexes? | evolutionary/sociobiological psychology | 31 | |
| 14972798398 | Mental processes such as perception, thinking, and remembering are sometimes called | cognition | 32 | |
| 14972862143 | If you were a teacher trying to understand how students learn, which of the following viewpoints would be most helpful? | cognitive | 33 | |
| 14972880100 | Which of the following are all factors associated with the perspective indicated? | neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, genetics: the biological perspective | 34 | |
| 14972939829 | Psychology's scientific origins are usually traced to the late 19th century, when _________ established the first psychological laboratory. | William Wundt | 35 | |
| 14972988206 | "To understand consciousness or behavior, you must focus on the probable purpose of an action on process." This statement reflects the arguments of | functionalism | 36 | |
| 14973030781 | According to the _______ approach, which is a variation of the _______ view, person's behavior and personality develop as a result of unconscious inner tensions and conflicts. | psychodynamic/clinical | 37 | |
| 14973064147 | Which of psychology's nine perspectives says that psychology should not study mental processes, such as sensation, perception, memory, thinking, motivation, and emotion? | behavioral | 38 | |
| 14973090392 | According to the evolutionary approach in modern psychology, human behavior is the result of natural selection of behaviors that promote | survival and reproduction | 39 | |
| 14973109515 | All of the following areas are applied psychology specialities: | counseling, clinical, school, industrial organization | 40 | |
| 14973134776 | The cognitive view of psychology | subscribes to the idea that thoughts and actions arise from the way we interpret experiences | 41 | |
| 14973154348 | Which researcher is most closely associated with the founding of humanistic psychology? | Carl Rodgers | 42 | |
| 14973204811 | The tendency to attend to evidence that confirms are expectations is known as | conformational bias | 43 | |
| 14973228917 | The statement, "Behavior has developed over eons of time." most directly reflects the perspective of | evolutionary psychology | 44 | |
| 14973243684 | descriptive statistics | statistical procedures used to describe characteristics and responses of groups of subjects | 45 | |
| 14973268542 | double blind procedure | an experimental procedure in which both researchers and participants are uninformed about the nature of the independent variable being used | 46 | |
| 14973299017 | experimenter bias | - the researcher allowing his or her expectations to affect the outcome of a study - a tendency to distort recalled events | 47 | |
| 14973318990 | Hawthorne effect | the alternation of behavior by the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed | 48 | |
| 14973333179 | hindsight bias | the tendency after learning about an event to second guess or believe that one could have predicted the event in advance | 49 | |
| 14973347293 | hypothesis | statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study | 50 | |
| 14973358033 | inferential statistics | - statistical techniques used to assess whether the results of a study are reliable or whether they might simply be the result of chance - used to determine whether two or more groups are the same or different | 51 | |
| 14973411637 | measures of variability | - statistics that describe the amount of difference and spread in a data set - variance standard deviation | 52 | |
| 14973442879 | naturalistic observation | a research method in which subjects are observed in their natural environment | 53 | |
| 14973452403 | normal curve | frequency distribution in which most measurements are centered around the mean and two sides | 54 | |
| 14973464731 | operational definition | - specific descriptions of concepts involving the conditions of a scientific study - stated in terms of how the concepts are to be measured or what operations are being employed to produce | 55 | |
| 14973494032 | population | all the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn | 56 | |
| 14973513234 | random assignment | each subject of the sample has an equal likelihood of being chosen for the experimental group of an experiment | 57 | |
| 14973524548 | random selection | - a sample that fairly represents are population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion - increases the likelihood that the sample represents the population and that one can generalize the findings to the larger population | 58 | |
| 14973561306 | sampling | process of selecting a group of participants | 59 | |
| 14973571859 | stratified sampling | process that allows a researcher to endure that the representative sample is present | 60 | |
| 14973586745 | survey method | a research technique that questions a sample of people to collect information about their attitudes or behaviors | 61 | |
| 14973604177 | theory | a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations and is not a speculation or guess | 62 | |
| 14973662399 | A theory is: | a testable explanation for what has been observed | 63 | |
| 14973698192 | A scientific study should begin with: | a hypothesis | 64 | |
| 14973788961 | Which of the following be an operational definition of "fear"? | moving away from a stimulus | 65 | |
| 14973810303 | The conditions involving the independent variable could also be thought of as: | stimuli | 66 | |
| 14973823832 | Which is the only form of research that can determine cause and effect? | an experimental study | 67 | |
| 14973845239 | Random assignment of subjects to different experimental conditions is a method for controlling differences between: | the experimental group and the control group | 68 | |
| 14973874262 | In which kind of research does the scientist have the most control over variables that might affect the outcome of a study? | an experimental study | 69 | |
| 14973891867 | Which one of the following correlations shows the strongest relationship between two variables? | -0.9 | 70 | |
| 14973910339 | Which one of the following is a good method for controlling expectancy bias? | doing a double blind study | 71 | |
| 14973940201 | Which of the following correlation coefficients would a statistician know, at first glance, is a mistake? | 1.1 | 72 | |
| 14973952169 | Which of the following is a measure of central tendency? | mean | 73 | |
| 14973958974 | The simplest measure of variability is: | range | 74 | |
| 14973981131 | Most psychologists accept a difference between groups as "real" or significant, under which of the following conditions? | p<.05 | 75 | |
| 14974045860 | Which of the following is an aspect of an experiment that the experimenter can't control? | extraneous variables | 76 | |
| 14974058175 | Which experimental method establishes cause and effect? | experiment | 77 | |
| 14974074427 | Which of the following is NOT a step in the "ethics cascade"? | Who should conduct research? | 78 | |
| 14974084656 | The mean is: | average | 79 | |
| 14974103220 | Which type of study is the "next best thing" to a longitudinal study? | cohort-sequential study | 80 | |
| 14974122269 | What do researchers use to summarize, describe, and analyze the results of their research? | statistics | 81 | |
| 14974136185 | The primary purpose of a survey is to: | discover attitudes and beliefs | 82 | |
| 14974148170 | A survey would be most useful in determining: | how common alcohol abuse is among high school students | 83 | |
| 14974165430 | Sample is to population as: | part is to whole | 84 | |
| 14974179168 | Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest link between two variables? | -0.9 | 85 | |
| 14974203597 | longitudinal study | a type of study in which one group of subjects is followed and observed (or examined, surveyed, etc...) for an extended period of time | 86 | |
| 14974231405 | confounding/extraneous variables | variables that have an unwanted influence on the outcome of the experiment | 87 |
