Terms : Hide Images
| 14567350927 | Hindsight Bias | I knew it all along phenomenon; the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it | 0 | |
| 14567353717 | Critical Thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. | 1 | |
| 14567354712 | Theory | an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events | 2 | |
| 14567356229 | Hypothesis | A testable prediction, often implied by a theory | 3 | |
| 14567357862 | operational definition | a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study | 4 | |
| 14567358893 | Replication | repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances | 5 | |
| 14567360584 | Cast Study | an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles | 6 | |
| 14567362366 | naturalistic observation | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation | 7 | |
| 14567363202 | Survey | a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group | 8 | |
| 14567364562 | Sampling Bias | a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample | 9 | |
| 14567365674 | Population | all the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn | 10 | |
| 14567367413 | Random Sample | a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion | 11 | |
| 14567368594 | Correlation | A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. | 12 | |
| 14567369807 | correlation coefficient | a statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1) | 13 | |
| 14567371137 | Scatterplot | a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables | 14 | |
| 14567371948 | illusory correlation | the perception of a relationship where none exists | 15 | |
| 14567373167 | Experiment | A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process | 16 | |
| 14567374407 | Experimental Group | the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested | 17 | |
| 14567375623 | Control Group | In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. | 18 | |
| 14567376798 | random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups | 19 | |
| 14567377889 | double-blind procedure | an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo. Commonly used in drug-evaluation studies. | 20 | |
| 14567378757 | placebo effect | experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. | 21 | |
| 14567379541 | independent variable | The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. | 22 | |
| 14567380543 | confounding variable | a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment | 23 | |
| 14567381242 | dependent variable | The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. | 24 | |
| 14567381909 | Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to | 25 | |
| 14567383093 | descriptive statistics | numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups. Includes measures of central tendency and measures of variation. | 26 | |
| 14567383802 | Histogram | A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data. | 27 | |
| 14567384442 | Mode | the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution | 28 | |
| 14567384443 | Mean | average | 29 | |
| 14567385743 | Median | the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it | 30 | |
| 14567386241 | skewed distribution | a representation of scores that lack symmetry around their average value | 31 | |
| 14567386242 | Range | the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution | 32 | |
| 14567387993 | standard deviation | a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score | 33 | |
| 14567389100 | Normal Curve | the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes. | 34 | |
| 14567389616 | inferential statistics | numerical data that allow one to generalize- to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population | 35 | |
| 14567390395 | statistical significance | a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance | 36 | |
| 14567390769 | Informed consent | an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate | 37 | |
| 14567391369 | Debriefing | the post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants | 38 |
