Advanced Placement Psychology All terms from Myers
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| 8623544406 | Cerebral Cortex | the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information processing center. | 0 | |
| 8623544407 | Glial Cells | cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; may play a role in learning and thinking. | 1 | |
| 8623544408 | Frontal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying just be the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments. |  | 2 |
| 8623544409 | Parietal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top the head and towards the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position. |  | 3 |
| 8623544410 | Occipital Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field. |  | 4 |
| 8623544411 | Temporal Lobes | the portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly between the ears; includes the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear. |  | 5 |
| 8623544412 | Motor Cortex | an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |  | 6 |
| 8623544413 | Sensory Cortex | the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |  | 7 |
| 8623544414 | Association Areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remember thinking, and speaking. | 8 | |
| 8623544415 | Broca's Area | control's language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. |  | 9 |
| 8623544416 | Wernicke's Area | controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in the left temporal lobe. |  | 10 |
| 8623544417 | Plasticity | the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development. | 11 | |
| 8623544418 | Brainstem | the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it ens the skull; responsible for automatic survival functions. |  | 12 |
| 8623544419 | Medulla | the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing. |  | 13 |
| 8623544420 | Reticular Formation | between your ears; a finger-shaped network of neurons from the spinal cord to the thalamus; plays an important role in controlling arousal and filtering incoming stimuli. |  | 14 |
| 8623544421 | Thalamus | the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it conducts messages to the sensory receiving areas in cortortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla; deals with all senses except smell. |  | 15 |
| 8623544422 | Cerebellum | "little brain, attached to the rear of the brainstem; its functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance; helps us judge time, modulate emotions, and discriminate sounds and textures. |  | 16 |
| 8623544423 | Limbic System | a donut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex; includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. |  | 17 |
| 8623544424 | Amygdala | two lima bean-sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to aggression and fear. |  | 18 |
| 8623544425 | Hypothalamus | part of the limbic system; directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion; it is the reward center in many species' brains. |  | 19 |
| 8623544426 | Left Hemisphere | the conscious mind; the 'interpreter' that tries to explain our behavior, and attempts to explain the decisions of the unconscious mind; calclation, speech etc; Controls Speech |  | 20 |
| 8623544427 | Right Hemisphere | the unconscious mind; it runs our life (like an autopilot), and intuits things; involved with perceptual (brain waves, bloodflow, etc) tasks. |  | 21 |
| 8623544428 | Corpus Callosum | the large band of neural fibers connecting two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them. |  | 22 |
| 8623544429 | Split Brain | a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly of the corpus callosum) between them. |  | 23 |
| 8623544430 | Pons | located just above the medulla; helps coordinate movement. | 24 | |
| 8623544431 | Neuron | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. | 25 | |
| 8623544432 | Dendrite | the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body. | 26 | |
| 8623544433 | Axon | the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands. | 27 | |
| 8623544434 | Myelin Sheath | a layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next. | 28 | |
| 8623544435 | Action Potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | 29 | |
| 8623544436 | Threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. | 30 | |
| 8623544437 | Synapse | the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. | 31 | |
| 8623544438 | Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons; travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether the neuron will generate a neural impulse. | 32 | |
| 8623544439 | Acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers muscle contraction; also regulates dreaming. | 33 | |
| 8623544440 | Dopamine | a neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion; excess linked to schizophrenia, a dearth linked to Parkinson's disease; part of pleasure/rewards system. | 34 | |
| 8623544441 | Seretonin | a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal; undersupply linked to depression. | 35 | |
| 8623544442 | Norepinephrine | a neurotransmitter/hormone that helps control alertness and arousal. | 36 | |
| 8623544443 | Agonists | excite neurons; may be similar enough to a neurotransmitter to mimic its effects, or it may block the reuptake. | 37 | |
| 8623544444 | Antagonists | inhibit neurotransmitters' release; may be similar enough to a natural neurotransmitter to occupy its receptor site and block its effect, but not similar enough to stimulate the receptor. | 38 | |
| 8623544445 | Nervous System | the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all of the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. | 39 | |
| 8623544446 | Central Nervous System | the brain and the spinal cord. | 40 | |
| 8623544447 | Peripheral Nervous System | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. | 41 | |
| 8623544448 | Nerves | neural "cables" containing many axons; these bundled axons, which are a part of the peripheral nervous system, connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs. | 42 | |
| 8623544449 | Sensory Neuron | neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system | 43 | |
| 8623544450 | Motor Neuron | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. | 44 | |
| 8623544451 | Interneuron | central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs. | 45 | |
| 8623544452 | Somatic Nervous System | the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles; also called the skeletal nervous system. | 46 | |
| 8623544453 | Sympathetic Nervouse System | the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. | 47 | |
| 8623544454 | Parasympathetic Nervous System | the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy. | 48 | |
| 8623544455 | Autonomic Nervous System | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). | 49 | |
| 8623544456 | Neural Network | interconnected neural cells. with experience, networks can learn, as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results. | 50 | |
| 8623544457 | Endocrine System | the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. |  | 51 |
| 8623544458 | Hormone | chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands that are produced in one tissue and affect another. | 52 | |
| 8623544459 | Adrenal Gland | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys; they secrete hormones which help arouse the body in times of stress. | 53 | |
| 8623544460 | Pituitary Gland | the endocrine system's most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, it regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. | 54 | |
| 8623544461 | Lesion | naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue. | 55 | |
| 8623544462 | EEG | an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface; these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. | 56 | |
| 8623544463 | PET Scan | a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. | 57 | |
| 8623544464 | MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue; allows us to see structures within the brain. | 58 | |
| 8623544465 | fMRI | a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans; shows brain function. | 59 | |
| 8623544466 | Synaptic Gap | the tiny gap between the dendrite and axon. | 60 | |
| 8623544467 | Refractory Period | the process in which excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron. | 61 | |
| 8623544468 | Hippocampus | a structure in the forebrain associated with the formation of new memories | 62 | |
| 8623544469 | All-or-none Response | the neuron will iether fire or not, depending on the stimulus | 63 |
