Terms : Hide Images
| 5188703627 | Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory info, thus able to recognize meaningful objects and events. | 0 | |
| 5188710028 | Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. | 1 | |
| 5178390901 | Sensory Transduction | Transforming of stimulus energies. Basically sights, sounds, etc. becoming neural impulses that the brain can interpret. | 2 | |
| 5178391270 | Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time. | 3 | |
| 5178391542 | Difference Threshold | The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference. | 4 | |
| 5178391271 | Signal Detection | A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). This assumes there is no absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. | 5 | |
| 5178391543 | Sensory Adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. | 6 | |
| 5178391738 | Subliminal | Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. | 7 | |
| 5188763338 | Wavelength | The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. This varies from short blips of cosmic rays to long pulses of radio transmission. Also determines color. | 8 | |
| 5188771328 | Hue | Dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light. AKA blue, green, red, etc. | 9 | |
| 5188778430 | Intensity | The amount of energy in a light or sounds wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. | 10 | |
| 5178391739 | Weber's Law | Weber's Law states that the ratio of the increment threshold to the background intensity is a constant. | 11 | |
| 5188914981 | Visual Cliff | Lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. | 12 | |
| 5178391740 | Cornea | The transparent layer forming the front of the eye. | 13 | |
| 5178391741 | Retina | Light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual info. | 14 | |
| 5178391984 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina. | 15 | |
| 5178391985 | Pupil | The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. | 16 | |
| 5178391986 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. | 17 | |
| 5178391987 | Accommodation | The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina. | 18 | |
| 5178392265 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray. Peripheral and twilight vision when cones don't respond. | 19 | |
| 5178392495 | Cones | Retinal receptor that are concentrated near the center of the retina, function in daylight, or well lit conditions. Detect fine detail and give rise to color conditions. (Think ice cream cone with lots of colorful flavors.) |  | 20 |
| 5178392496 | Optic Nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. | 21 | |
| 5178392497 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina, around eye's cones color.. | 22 | |
| 5178392498 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement.. | 23 | |
| 5178392917 | Parallel Processing | Processing aspects of a problem simultaneously. Brain's natural info processing for functions including vision. Contrasts with step-by-step processing of computers and of conscious problem solving. | 24 | |
| 5178392918 | Blind Spot | The point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light. The example used in class was where a student had a colored pencil coming in from the left or right side, and was unable to determine the color. | 25 | |
| 5178392919 | Color Vision | Color vision is an illusion created by the interactions of billions of neurons in our brain. Color is created by neural programs. | 26 | |
| 5178393137 | Frequency | Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second) | 27 | |
| 5189010012 | Frequency Theory | In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. | 28 | |
| 5178393138 | Outer Ear | The outer ear is the external portion of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal. | 29 | |
| 5178393139 | Inner Ear | The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. | 30 | |
| 5178393140 | Middle Ear | The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. | 31 | |
| 5178393141 | Cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves travelling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses | 32 | |
| 5189068820 | How do we 'hear'? | Middle ear picks up vibrations, which goes to the cochlea (or inner ear), then to the cochlea's membrane which vibrates and jostles fluid, which then causes ripples in basilar membrane, bending hair cells. The hair cells trigger impulses in nerve cells, and this axon of nerve cells form the auditory nerves. Via the thalamus, these impulses are transferred to the auditory cortex. | 33 | |
| 5178393697 | Pitch | A tone's experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency. | 34 | |
| 5189001273 | Cochlear Implant | A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. | 35 | |
| 5178393698 | Volley Principle | Groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed. | 36 | |
| 5178393699 | Synesthesia | The production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body. | 37 | |
| 5178393948 | Prosopagnosia | An inability to recognize the faces of familiar people, typically as a result of damage to the brain. | 38 | |
| 5178393949 | Color Blind | AKA color vision deficiency, this is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. | 39 | |
| 5178394276 | Sensorineural hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves. | 40 | |
| 5178394277 | Conduction Hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sounds waves to the cochlea. | 41 | |
| 5178394278 | Anosmia | Loss of the sense of smell. Usually caused by nasal condition or brain injury, but some are born with anosmia. | 42 | |
| 5178394589 | Gestalt Principles | An organized whole. Emphasizes tendency to integrate pieces of info into wholes. | 43 | |
| 5178394590 | Depth Perception | Ability to see objects in 2-D. Allows us to judge distance. | 44 | |
| 5178394858 | Figure-Ground | Organization of visual field into objects that stand out from surroundings. | 45 | |
| 5178395503 | Binocular Cues | Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, depends on use of 2 eyes. | 46 | |
| 5178395504 | Retinal Disparity | Binocular cue for perceiving depth. Brain computes distance. Greater disparity (difference) the closer the object. | 47 | |
| 5178395709 | Monocular Cues | Depth cues (interposition and linear perspective) available to either eye alone. | 48 | |
| 5178395710 | Motion Perception | The process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. | 49 | |
| 5178395711 | Phi Phenomenon | Illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. | 50 | |
| 5178395996 | Gate-Control Theory | The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allow them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity. | 51 | |
| 5178397176 | Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. | 52 | |
| 5178397418 | Context effects | Describes the influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus. | 53 | |
| 5178397419 | Emotion effects | . | 54 | |
| 5178397420 | Motivation effects | . | 55 | |
| 5178398086 | Bottom-Up Processing | Analysis begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory info. | 56 | |
| 5178398087 | Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as consistent color, even if changing illuminate alter wavelengths reflected by object. | 57 | |
| 5178398088 | Color Constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as consistent color, even if changing illumination alter wavelengths reflected by object. | 58 | |
| 5178398527 | Brightness Constancy | The tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination. | 59 | |
| 5178398528 | Perceptual Adaptation | In vision, ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. | 60 | |
| 5178399055 | Top-Down Processing | Info processed guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experiences and expectations. | 61 | |
| 5189005964 | Place Theory | In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | 62 | |
| 5178399355 | Hearing | . | 63 | |
| 5178399356 | Vision | . | 64 | |
| 5178399357 | Touch | . | 65 | |
| 5178399358 | Taste | . | 66 | |
| 5178399359 | Smell | . | 67 | |
| 5178399553 | Vestibular | . | 68 | |
| 5178399554 | Kinesthesis | . | 69 | |
| 5178399555 | Pain | . | 70 | |
| 5178399810 | Parapsychological Phenomenon | Parapsychology is a field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena which include telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, apparitional experiences, and other paranormal claims. | 71 | |
| 5178400395 | How can experience and culture influence perceptual processes? | . | 72 | |
| 5178400613 | What is the role of attention in behavior? | . | 73 | |
| 5178400614 | Gustav Fechner | German philosopher, physicist and experimental psychologist. Founder of psychophysics. | 74 | |
| 5178400615 | David Hubel | Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex | 75 | |
| 5178400840 | Ernst Weber | German physician who is considered one of the founders of experimental psychology. Created 'Weber's Law'. | 76 | |
| 5178400841 | Torsten Wiesel | Swedish neurophysiologist. Worked with David Hubel to make discoveries about the visual cortex. | 77 | |
| 5188695087 | Amplitude | Measure of change over a period. Amplitude of sound determines their loudness. | 78 | |
| 5188695088 | Trichromatic Theory | Created by Young Helmholtz, this theory assumes the retina contains three different color receptors, which when stimulated in combination, can produce any color. | 79 | |
| 5188696867 | Sensory interaction | The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. | 80 | |
| 5188698613 | Opponents Process Theory | Opposing retinal processes (red, green. Black, white. Etc.) enable color vision. | 81 | |
| 5188698614 | Embodied Cognition | In psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements. | 82 | |
| 5188698615 | Shape Constancy | The tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle | 83 | |
| 5188956138 | Audition | The sense or act of hearing | 84 |
