Terms : Hide Images
| 7742744647 | Absolute Threshold | The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time. | 0 | |
| 7742744648 | Accommodation (sensation) | The process by which the eye's lens changes to focus near or far objects on the retina. | 1 | |
| 7742744649 | Audition | The sense or act of hearing. | 2 | |
| 7742744650 | Binocular Cues | Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes. | 3 | |
| 7742744651 | Blind Spot | The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye and no receptor cells are located there. | 4 | |
| 7742744652 | Bottom-up Processing | Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information. | 5 | |
| 7742744653 | Change Blindness | Failing to notice changes in the environment. | 6 | |
| 7742744654 | Cochlea | A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses. | 7 | |
| 7742744655 | Cochlear Implant | A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea. | 8 | |
| 7742744656 | Color Constancy | Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. | 9 | |
| 7742744657 | Conduction Hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. | 10 | |
| 7742744658 | Cones | Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. These detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations. | 11 | |
| 7742744659 | Depth Perception | The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance. | 12 | |
| 7742744660 | Difference Threshold | The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. Also called the just noticeable difference. | 13 | |
| 7742744662 | Feature Detectors | Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement. | 14 | |
| 7742744663 | Figure-ground | The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). | 15 | |
| 7742744664 | Fovea | The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. | 16 | |
| 7742744665 | Frequency | The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second) | 17 | |
| 7742744666 | Frequency Theory | In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabled us to sense its pitch. | 18 | |
| 7742744667 | Gate-control Theory | The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that clocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. | 19 | |
| 7742744668 | Gestalt | An organized whole. These type of psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. |  | 20 |
| 7742744669 | Grouping | The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups. | 21 | |
| 7742744670 | Hue | The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth. | 22 | |
| 7742744671 | Inattentional Blindness | Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere. | 23 | |
| 7742744672 | Inner Ear | The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs. | 24 | |
| 7742744673 | Intensity | The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. | 25 | |
| 7742744674 | Iris | A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. | 26 | |
| 7742744675 | Kinesthesis | The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. | 27 | |
| 7742744676 | Lens | The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes the shape to help focus images on the retina. | 28 | |
| 7742744677 | Middle Ear | The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window. | 29 | |
| 7742744678 | Monocular Cues | Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone. | 30 | |
| 7742744679 | Opponent-process Theory | The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. | 31 | |
| 7742744680 | Optic Nerve | The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. | 32 | |
| 7742744681 | Parallel Processing | The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision. | 33 | |
| 7742744683 | Perception | The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events. | 34 | |
| 7742744684 | Perceptual Adaptation | In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. | 35 | |
| 7742744685 | Perceptual Constancy | Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change. | 36 | |
| 7742744686 | Perceptual Set | A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. | 37 | |
| 7742744687 | Phi Phenomenon | An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. | 38 | |
| 7742744688 | Pitch | A tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency. | 39 | |
| 7742744689 | Place Theory | In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | 40 | |
| 7742744690 | Priming | The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. | 41 | |
| 7742744691 | Psychophysics | The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience with them. | 42 | |
| 7742744692 | Pupil | The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. | 43 | |
| 7742744693 | Retina | The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers on neurons that begin the processing of visual information. | 44 | |
| 7742744694 | Retinal Disparity | A binocular cue for perceiving depth by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes the distance - the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object. | 45 | |
| 7742744695 | Rods | Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond. | 46 | |
| 7742744696 | Selective Attention | The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus. | 47 | |
| 7742744697 | Sensation | The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment. | 48 | |
| 7742744698 | Sensorineural Hearing Loss | Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness. | 49 | |
| 7742744699 | Sensory Adaptation | Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. | 50 | |
| 7742744700 | Sensory Interaction | The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste. | 51 | |
| 7742744701 | Signal Detection Theory | A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person's experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness. | 52 | |
| 7742744702 | Subliminal | Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness. | 53 | |
| 7742744703 | Top-down Processing | Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. | 54 | |
| 7742744704 | Transduction | Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret. | 55 | |
| 7742744705 | Vestibular Sense | The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance. | 56 | |
| 7742744706 | Visual Cliff | A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals. | 57 | |
| 7742744707 | Wavelength | The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. | 58 | |
| 7742744708 | Weber's Law | The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percentage (rather than a constant amount). | 59 | |
| 7742744709 | Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three-color) Theory | The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors - one most sensitive to red, one to green, one to blue - which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color. | 60 | |
| 7742744710 | Proximity | We group nearby figures together |  | 61 |
| 7742744712 | Closure | We fill in gaps to create a complete object |  | 62 |
| 7742744713 | Continuation | When uniform and linked we perceive each set as a unit |  | 63 |
| 7742744714 | Shape Constancy | We perceive the form of familiar objects as constant even when retinal image changes |  | 64 |
| 7742744715 | Size Constancy | We perceive objects to have a consistent size |  | 65 |
| 7742744716 | Linear Perception | If an object is father away (and is technically the same size) we perceive it as larger |  | 66 |
| 7742744717 | Relative Size | things small are perceived as farther away. |  | 67 |
| 7742744720 | linear perspective | parallel lines appear to meet in the distance, the sharper the angle of convergence the greater perceived distance | 68 | |
| 7742744723 | cocktail party effect | ability to single out one voice in a room full of many | 69 | |
| 7742744724 | auditory canal | canal that caries sound waves to the ear | 70 | |
| 7742744725 | eardrum | membrane at the end of the auditory canal that vibrates due to sound waves | 71 | |
| 7742744726 | hammer, anvil, stirrup | 3 small bones in the middle ear that relay vibrations of the eardrum to the inner ear | 72 | |
| 7742744727 | oval window | membrane across the opening between the middle ear and inner ear that conducts vibrations to the cochlea | 73 | |
| 7742744728 | basilar membrane | vibrating membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear that contains sense receptors for sound | 74 | |
| 7742744729 | auditory nerve | bundle of neurons that carries signals from each ear to the brain | 75 | |
| 7742744730 | semicircular canals | the liquid inside sloshes around and moves the tiny hairs that line each canal. These hairs translate the movement of the liquid into nerve messages that are sent to your brain. | 76 |
