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AP Psychology Unit 7 Flashcards

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6360428671Developmental Psychologydeals with the ways that personality, cognitive ability, and behavior change during somebody's life span0
6360428672Habituationdiminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus1
6360430593Cross-sectional researchpeople of different ages are examined at the same time2
6360433621Longitudinal researchlooking at variables over the course of many years3
6360433622Teratogensanything that can disrupt the development of an embryo or fetus in a pregnant mother's womb4
6360435199Self-conceptindividual's belief about himself or herself5
6360435200Harry-Harlowexperimented with monkeys and separation6
6360437559Secure-Attachmentsshows minimal distress when a caregiver leaves them alone7
6360437567Avoidant Attachmentsinsecure attachment whereby infants do not seek proximity to their parent after separation8
6360441024Anxious/Ambivalent attachmentswhen the infant feels separation anxiety when separated from the caregiver and does not feel reassured when the caregiver returns to the infant9
6360441025Authoritarian Parentscharacterized by high demands and low responsiveness10
6360443202Permissive Parentscharacterized by low demands with high responsiveness11
6360443203Authoritative Parentscharacterized by reasonable demands and high responsiveness12
6360444990Jean Piagetfamous for theories on cognitive development in children13
6360444991Erik Eriksoncreated the Psychosocial Stages of Development14
6360447459Social learning theoryStates that social behavior is learned primarily by observing and imitating the actions of others15
6360447460Schemacognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information16
6360447461Assimilationtake in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing idea17
6360450021Accomodationaltering one's existing schemas, or ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences18
6360450022Sensorimotor StageFrom birth to age 2, children learn to coordinate all their sensory experiences with their motor behaviors19
6360453752Object Permanencea child's ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard20
6360455420Preoperational Stagebetween 2 and 7 years old, child begins to use symbolize items or experiences in speech, drawing, and etc.21
6360455421Egocentrican inability on the part of a child to see any point of view other than their own22
6360458692Concrete Operational Stagetakes place during middle childhood, characterized by the development of logical thought23
6360458693Conservationchild understands that changing the form of a substance or object does not change its amount, overall volume, or mass24
6360461381Formal Operational StageThe emergence of abstract thought and hypothetical reasoning mark this phase of development25
6360461382Social Clockset of norms that govern the ages at which certain events happen26
6360463503Preconventional StagePeople at this level judge the morality of an action by its direct consequences27
6360467464Conventional StagePeople at this level judge the morality of actions by comparing them to society's views and expectations28
6360469306Postconventional stagePeople at this stage view rules as useful but changeable mechanisms—ideally rules can maintain the general social order and protect human rights29
6360469307Zygotea fertilized egg30
6360469308Embryoan organism that is anywhere from 2 weeks to 2 months after being fertilized31
6360470467Fetuslongest stage of prenatal, human development that lasts from 9 weeks after conception to birth32
6360470468Theory of MindThe capacity to imagine or form opinions about the cognitive states of other people33
6360472657Critical Perioda specific time during which an organism has to experience stimuli in order to progress through developmental stages properly34
6360472658ImprintingA process in which certain birds and mammals form attachments during a critical period very early in their lives35
6360474464Temperamentcharacteristics and aspects of personality that we are born with36
6360474465Gender Rolepattern of behavior, personality traits and attitudes defining masculinity or femininity in a certain culture37
6360477041Diana BaumrindShe proposed parenting styles38
6360481400Primary vs. Secondary Sexual Characteristicsare nonreproductive sexual characteristics39
6360483916MenarcheIs the first incidence or occurrence of menstruation in a female. This marks the 'official' onset of puberty40
6360486707Lawrence Kohlbergwas an American psychologist best known for his theory of stages of moral development41
6360492302Pubertythe time period between childhood and adulthood when physical changes allow for reproduction42
6360492303AdolescenceThe developmental stage that occurs from puberty to maturity43
6360495884Lev VygotskyResearched the Zone of Proximal Development44
6360495885Konrad LorenzAustrian scientist who is known for his work with an emphasis on instinctive behavior in animals. (imprinting on birds)45
6360497973Mary Ainsworthdevelopmental psychologist. did the "strange situation" experiment.46
6360506046Zone of Proximal Developmentthe difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help47

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