Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)
Terms : Hide Images
| 8371708048 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |  | 0 |
| 8371708049 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. |  | 1 |
| 8371708050 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. |  | 2 |
| 8371708051 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics. |  | 3 |
| 8371708052 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms. |  | 4 |
| 8371708053 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions. |  | 5 |
| 8371708054 | creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. |  | 6 |
| 8371708055 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. |  | 7 |
| 8371708056 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set. |  | 8 |
| 8371708057 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |  | 9 |
| 8371708058 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |  | 10 |
| 8371708059 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |  | 11 |
| 8371708060 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common. |  | 12 |
| 8371708061 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. |  | 13 |
| 8371708062 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. |  | 14 |
| 8371708063 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning. |  | 15 |
| 8371708064 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. |  | 16 |
| 8371708065 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. |  | 17 |
| 8371708066 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |  | 18 |
| 8371708067 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix). |  | 19 |
| 8371708068 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |  | 20 |
| 8371708069 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning. |  | 21 |
| 8371708070 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language. |  | 22 |
| 8371708071 | babbling stage | babies spontaneously uttering a variety of words, such as ah-goo |  | 23 |
| 8371708072 | one-word stage | the stage in which children speak mainly in single words | | 24 |
| 8371708073 | two-word stage | they start uttering two word sentences | | 25 |
| 8371708074 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—"go car"—using mostly nouns and verbs. |  | 26 |
| 8371708075 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. |  | 27 |
