All the AP Psych words that my teacher told me I would need
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| 163354883 | Abnormal Behavior | Behavior that is beyond the bounds of social acceptability | |
| 163354884 | Hallucinations | False sensory experiences that may suggest mental disorder | |
| 163354885 | Delusion | Extreme disorders of thinking involving persistent false beliefs | |
| 163354886 | DSM-IV | 4th edition of the Diagnosic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | |
| 163354887 | Bipolar DIsorder | A mental abnormality involving swings of mood from mania to depression | |
| 163354888 | Anxiety | Fear and worry that can become severe enough to affect one's life | |
| 163354889 | Panic Disorder | A disturbance marked by panic attacks that have no obvious connection with events in the person's present disorder | |
| 163354890 | Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Characterized by persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety without external causes | |
| 163354891 | Phobias | A group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation | |
| 163354892 | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Characterized by patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behavior | |
| 163354893 | Agoraphobia | Fear of crowds and open spaces | |
| 163354894 | Somatofoam Disorders | Problems in the form of bodily symptoms or physical complaints | |
| 163354895 | Hypochondriasis | A somatofoam disorder involving excessive concern about health and disease | |
| 163354896 | Dissociative Fugue and Amnesia | Psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information. Fugue involves "flight" from home | |
| 163354897 | Dissociative Identitiy Disorder | A condition in which an individual displays multiple identity | |
| 163354898 | Anorexia Nervosa | Eating disorder that involves persistent loss of appetite that endangers an individuals health and stems from emotional or psychological reasons | |
| 163354899 | Bulimia Nervosa | Eating disorder which eating binges followed by "purges" induced by vomiting and laxatives as weight control measure | |
| 163354900 | Schizophrenia | A psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions | |
| 163354901 | Insanity | Legal, not psychological, referring to one who is unstable, because of a mental disorder or defect to conform his or her behavior to the law | |
| 163354902 | Depression | Generally depressed affect includes sleep, loss of appetite, ect. | |
| 163354903 | Psychosis | A disorder involving profound disturbances in perception, rational thinking, or affect | |
| 163354904 | Learned Helplessness | Pattern of failure to respond to noxious stimuli after an organism learns its responses are ineffective | |
| 163354905 | Dysfunctional | Term used to describe behavior that adversely affects an individual's day to day functioning | |
| 163354906 | Incidence | Number of % of newly diagnosed cases of a particular disorder in a given poulation | |
| 163354907 | Mania | Excessive activity, accelerated speech, poor judgement, elevated self esteem, and euphoria that occur in bipolar disorder | |
| 163354908 | Paraphilias | Sexual arousal by objects or starvations not considered sexual by most people | |
| 163354909 | Prevalence | Number of % of people in a population that hever had a particular disorder during a specified period | |
| 163354910 | Social Norms | Things/actions generallly accepted by society | |
| 163354911 | Psychological Therapies | Based on psychological principles | |
| 163354912 | Biomedical Therapies | Based on altering the brain with drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive therapy | |
| 163354913 | Insight Therapies | The therapist helps patients/clients understand their problems | |
| 163354914 | Analysis of transference | Analyzing and interpreting the patient's relationship with therapist, based on the assumption that htis relationship mirrors unresolved conflicts in the patient's past | |
| 163354915 | Humanistic Therapy | Based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positivve growth and self-actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment | |
| 163354916 | Cognitive Therapy | Emphasizes rational thinking as the key to treating mental disorder | |
| 163354917 | Client-Centered Therapy | Emphasizing an individual's tendency for healthy pyschological growth through self-actualization | |
| 163354918 | Self-Help Support Groups | Provide social support and an opportunity for sharing ideas about dealing with common problems | |
| 163354919 | Behavior Modification | Anotther term for behavior therapy | |
| 163354920 | Behavior Therapy | Based on principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning | |
| 163354921 | Systematic Desensitization | Anxiety is extinguished by exposing patient to anxiety-provoking stimulus | |
| 163354922 | Aversion Therapy | Classical conditioning procedure, involves presenting individuals with an attractive stimulus paired with unpleasant stimulation in order to conditon revulsion | |
| 163354923 | Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | Combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy | |
| 163354924 | REBT | Based on idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors are cause of mental disorders | |
| 163354925 | Anti-psychotic Drugs | Medicines that diminish psychotic symptoms | |
| 163354926 | ECT | Used for depression and involving the application of an electric current to the head | |
| 163354927 | TMS | Involves magnetic stimulation of specific regions of the brain | |
| 163354928 | Deinstitutionalization | Policy of removing patients, whenever possible, from mental hospitals | |
| 163354929 | Reflection of Feeling | Paraphrasing the client's words attempting to capture the emotional tone expressd | |
| 163354930 | Psychoanalyst | One with the goal to release conflicts and memories from the unconcious (ex. Freud) | |
| 163354931 | Forebrain | One of three primary regions of the brain. | |
| 163354932 | Midbrain | Portion of brain that develops from middle section | |
| 163354933 | Hindbrain | Develops first, deals with pons and medulla | |
| 163354934 | Medulla | Controls breathing and heart rate, vomiting and swallowing | |
| 163354935 | Cerabellum | Responsible for coordinated movements, posture, and balance | |
| 163354936 | Pons | Regulates sleeping and dreams | |
| 163354937 | Reticular Formation | Keeps brain alert and attentive to stimulation | |
| 163354938 | Tectum | Dorsal part of midbrain | |
| 163354939 | Limbic System | Middle layer of brain, deals with emotion and memory | |
| 163354940 | Cerebral Cortex | Major portion of higher thinking | |
| 163354941 | Thalamus | Central relay system | |
| 163354942 | CT Scan | Computerized image of brain from x-rays passed through brain at various angles | |
| 163354943 | PET Scan | Produces image of brain activity not structure | |
| 163354944 | MRI | Higly detailed pictures from tissue responses to powerful pulses of magnetic energy | |
| 163354945 | FMRI | A type of MRI that reveals whcih parts of the brain are most active during various mental activities | |
| 163354946 | EEG | Measures brain activity in waves | |
| 163354947 | Psychology | The study of the mind | |
| 163354948 | Empirical Approach | A study conducted via carful observations nad scientifically based research | |
| 163354949 | Psuedopsychology | Phony, unscientific psychology masqureading as the real thing | |
| 163354950 | COnfirmation Bias | The tendency to attend to evidence that complements and confirms our beliefs or expectations while ignoring eveidence that does not | |
| 163354951 | Applied Psychology | Psychologists who use the knowledge developed by experimental psychologists to solve human problems | |
| 163354952 | Psychiatry | A medically specialty dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders | |
| 163354953 | Structuralism | A historical schoool of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic structures that make up mind and thought | |
| 163354954 | Introspection | The process of reporting on one's own concious mental experiences | |
| 163354955 | Functionalism | A historical schoool of psychology that believed mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function | |
| 163354956 | Gestalt Psychology | A historical school of psychology that sought to understand how the brain works by studying perception and perceptual learning | |
| 163354957 | Behaviorism | Sought to make psychology an objective science focused soley on behavior | |
| 163354958 | Psychoanalysis | An approach to psychology based on Freud's assertions whcih emphasizes unconcious process | |
| 163354959 | Biological View | Searches for the cause of behavior in the functioning of genes the brain and nervous system and the endocrine system | |
| 163354960 | Neuroscience | Field devoted to understanding how the brain creates thoughts, feelings, motives, conciousness, memories, and other mental processes | |
| 163354961 | Developmental View | Emphasizes changes that occur across the lifespan | |
| 163354962 | Cognitive View | Emphasizes mental processes such as learning, memory, perception, and thinking as forms of information processing | |
| 163354963 | Clinical View | Emphasixes mental health and mental illness | |
| 163354964 | Psychodynamic | A clinical viewpoint emphasizing the understanding of mental disorders in terms of unconcious needs, desires, memories, and conflicts | |
| 163354965 | Humanistic | Emphasizes human ability, growth, potential, and free will | |
| 163354966 | Behavioral View | Finds source of our actions in environmental stimuli rather than in inner mental processes | |
| 163354967 | Scientific Method | 5 step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis | |
| 163354968 | Empirical Investigation | Approach to research that relies on sensory experience and observation | |
| 163354969 | Independent Variable | Stimulus condition so named because the experimenter changes it independently of all the other carefully controlled experimental conditions | |
| 163354970 | Dependent Variable | The measure outcome of a study; the responses of the subjects in a study | |
| 163354971 | Random Assignment | Each subject of the sample has an equal likelihood of being chosen for the experimental group of an experiment | |
| 163354972 | Correlational Study | Mainly statistical in nature | |
| 163354973 | Survey | Questions asked to subjects | |
| 163354974 | Naturalistic Observation | Subjects are observed in natural enviornment | |
| 163354975 | Longitudinal Study | Group of subjects is followed and observed for an extended period of time | |
| 163354976 | Cross-sectional Study | A representative cross-section of the population is tested or surveyed at 1 specific time | |
| 163354977 | Cohort-Sequential Study | Population is chosen then each cohort is followed for a short period of time | |
| 163354978 | Expectancy Bias | Researchers allows his/her expectations to affect outcomes | |
| 163354979 | Double Blind Study | Both researcher an participants are uninformed about the nature of the IV | |
| 163354980 | Random Sample | Subjects are selected by chance | |
| 163354981 | Representative Sample | Reflects the distribution of important variables in larger populations | |
| 163354982 | Hypothesis | An educated guess | |
| 163354983 | Theory | A testable explanation for a set of facts or observations | |
| 163354984 | Operational | Specific descriptions of concepts involving the conditions of a scientific study | |
| 163354985 | Learning | A lasting change in behavior or mental processes that results from experience | |
| 163354986 | Habituation | Learning not to respond to the repeated presentation of a stimulus | |
| 163354987 | Classical Conditioning | A form of behavioral in which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the power to elicit the same innate reflex produced by another stimulus | |
| 163354988 | Neutral Stimulus | ANy stimulus that produces no conditioned response prior to learning | |
| 163354989 | Unconditioned Stimulus | The stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response | |
| 163354990 | Unconditioned Response | The response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning | |
| 163354991 | Acquisition | Initial learning stage, the conditioned response comes to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus | |
| 163354992 | Conditioned Stimulus | A previously neurtral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response | |
| 163354993 | Conditioned Response | A response elicited by a pervioulsy neutral stimulus that has become associated with the unconditioned stimulus | |
| 163354994 | Extinction | The weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus | |
| 163354995 | Spontaneous Recovery | The reappearance of an extinguished CR after a time delay | |
| 163354996 | Operant Conditioning | An observable voluntary behavior that an oraginsm admits to "operate" on or have an effect on the enviornment | |
| 163354997 | Positive Reinforcement | occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus. | |
| 163354998 | Negative Reinforcement | The removal of an unpleasant or averisve stimulus contingent on a particular behavior | |
| 163354999 | Positive Punishment | The application of an aversive stimulus after a response | |
| 163355000 | Negative Punishment | Removal of an aversive stimulus after a response decreasing behavior | |
| 163355001 | Shaping | New behavior is produced by reinfrocing responses that are similar to desired response | |
| 163355002 | Schedules of Reinforcement | Programs specifying the frequency and timing of reinforcements | |
| 163355003 | Insight learning | Problem solving occurs by sudden reorganization of perceptions | |
| 163355004 | Observational Learning | A form of cognitive learning in which new responses are acquired after watching other's behaviors and the consequences of their behavior | |
| 163355005 | Memory | Any system, human, animal, or machine that encodes stores and retrieves information | |
| 163355006 | Information Processing Model | Cognitive understanding of memory emphasizing how information is changed when it is encoded, stored, and retrieved | |
| 163355007 | Encoding | Modification of information to fit format of memory system | |
| 163355008 | Storage | REtention of encoded material | |
| 163355009 | Retrieval | Location and recovery of inromation from memory | |
| 163355010 | Mnemonics | Techniques for improving memory especially by making connections between new material and long term info | |
| 163355011 | Sensory Memory | Preserves brief sensory impressions | |
| 163355012 | Short Term/Working Memory | Preserves recently percieved events/eperiences less than one minute | |
| 163355013 | Long Term Memory | Stores material organized by meaning | |
| 163355014 | Levels of Processing Theory | Explanation that information is more connected to meanings in long term memory | |
| 163355015 | Maitenence Rehersal | Information is repeated or reviewed to keep from fading in short term memory | |
| 163355016 | Elaborative Rehersal | Information repeated or reviewed to keep from fading in long term memory | |
| 163355017 | Procedural Memory | Memories of how things are done | |
| 163355018 | Episodic | Stores memory for personal events | |
| 163355019 | Semantic | Memory for facts, general concepts, etc | |
| 163355020 | Suggestibility | Memory distortion resulted from deliberate or inadvertent suggestion | |
| 163355021 | Flashbulb Memory | Clear and vivid long-term memory of an especially meaningful and emotional event | |
| 163355022 | Implicit v. Explicit | Inadvertant learned memory versus deliberately learned memory | |
| 163355023 | Recall | One must reproduce previous information | |
| 163355024 | Recognition | One must identify previous information | |
| 163355025 | Encoding Specificty Principle | Memory is recorded and encoded with specific cues related to context | |
| 163355026 | Missattribution | Memory fault that occurs when memories are retrieved but are associated with werong time, place, or person | |
| 163355027 | TOT Phenomenon | Inability to recall a word | |
| 163355028 | Serial Position Effect | Interference related to sequence in which information is presented | |
| 163355029 | Proactive versus Retroactive | Cause of forgetting previously stored information versus newly stored information | |
| 163355030 | Genotype | An organism's genetic make-up | |
| 163355031 | Neuron | Cells specialized to recieve and transmit information to ther cells in the body | |
| 163355032 | Soma | The part of a cell containing the nucleus which includes the chromosomes | |
| 163355033 | Axon | In a nerve cell, an extended fiber that conducts information from the soma to the terminal buttons | |
| 163355034 | Dendrite | A branched fiber that extends outward from the main cell body and carries infromation into the neuron | |
| 163355035 | Myelin Sheath | A fatty insulation around many axons in the brain and spinal cord | |
| 163355036 | Synapse | The microscopic gap that serves as a communications link between neurons | |
| 163355037 | Terminal Buttons | Tiny bulblike structures at the end of the axon whcih contain neurotransmitters that carry the neuron's message into the synapse | |
| 163355038 | All or none principles | Refers to the fact that the action potential in the axon occurs either full blown or not at all | |
| 163355039 | Neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that relay neural messages across the synapse | |
| 163355040 | Central Nervous System | The brain and the spinal cord | |
| 163355041 | Peripheral Nervous System | All parts of the nervous system lying outside the central nervous system | |
| 163355042 | Endocrine System | The body's chemical messenger system includes the endocrine glands, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes | |
| 163355043 | Sensation | The process by which stimulation of a sensory receptor produces neural implulses that the brain interprets as a sound, visual image, an odor, taste, a pain, or toher sensory image | |
| 163355044 | Perception | A process that makes sensory patterns meaningful | |
| 163355045 | Transduction | Transformation of one form of energy into another-especially the transformation of stimulus information into nerve signals by the sense organs | |
| 163355046 | Sensory Adaptation | Loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after simulation has remained unchanged for a while | |
| 163355047 | Absolute Threshold | The amount of stimulation necessary for a stimulus to be defected | |
| 163355048 | Weber's Law | The size of a just noticable difference is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus | |
| 163355049 | Signal Detection Theory | Explains how we detect signals consisting of simulation affecting our sense organs | |
| 163355050 | Visable Spectrum | The tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive | |
| 163355051 | Opponent-Process Theory | The idea that cells in the visual system process colors in complementary pairs | |
| 163355052 | Frequency | The number of cycles completed by a wave in a given amount of time | |
| 163355053 | Amplitude | The physical strength of a wave | |
| 163355054 | Pitch | A sensory characteristic of sound produced by the frequency of the sound wave | |
| 163355055 | Gate-Control Theory | An explanation for pain control that proposes we have a neural "gate" that can under some circumstances block pain sighnals | |
| 163355056 | Bottom-Down Processing | Analysis that emphasizes characteristics of the stimulus rather than concepts and expectations | |
| 163355057 | Top-Down Processing | Analysis that emphasizes the perciever's expectations, concept memories, and other congitive factors | |
| 163355058 | Perceptual Constancy | The ability to recognize the same object as remaing constant under different conditions | |
| 163355059 | Figure-Ground | The part of a pattern that commands attentention along with the part that doesn't | |
| 163355060 | Closure | The Gestalt princple that identifies the tendency to fill in gaps in figurs and to see incomplete figures as complete | |
| 163355061 | Laws of Perceptual Grouping | Principles of similarity, proximity, continuity, and common fate | |
| 163355062 | Law of Pragnanaz | The most general Gestalt principle that fates the simplest organization, requiring the least cognitive effort will emerge as a figure | |
| 163355063 | Monocular Cues | Information about depth that relies on the input of just one eye-includes relative size, light and shadow, interposition, relative mothion, and atmospheric perspecitve | |
| 163355064 | Learning based interference | Perception is primarily shaped by learning/experience rather than innate factors | |
| 163355065 | Perceptual Set | Readiness to detect a particular stimulus in a given context | |
| 163355066 | Law of Common Fate | Gestalt principle that we tend to group similr objects togehter that share a common motion or destination | |
| 163355067 | Emotion | A four part process that involves physiological arousal, subjective feelings, cognitive interpretation and behavioral expressoin all of which interact rather than occurring in a linear sequence | |
| 163355068 | Display Rules | The permissible ways of displaying emotions in a particular society | |
| 163355069 | Lateralization of Emotion | Different influences of the two brain hemishperes on various emotions | |
| 163355070 | James-Lange Theory | The proposal that an emotion-provoking stimulus produces a physical response that in turn produces an emotion | |
| 163355071 | Cannon-Bard Theory | The counter-proposal that an emotional feeling an an internal physiological response occur at the same time, one is not the cause of teh other | |
| 163355072 | Two-Factor Theory | Claims emotion results from teh cognitive appraisal of both physical arousal and an emotion-provoking stimulus | |
| 163355073 | Cognitive Appraisal Theory | Theorizes that individuals decide on an appropriate emotion following the event | |
| 163355074 | Opponent-Process Theory | Theorizes that emotions have pairs. When one is triggered the other is suppressed | |
| 163355075 | Inverted U Function | Describes relationship beteween arousal and performance. Both high and low levels of arousal produce lower performances than a moderate level of arousal | |
| 163355076 | Emotional Intelligence | The ability to understand and control emotional responses | |
| 163355077 | Consciousness | Te process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experience | |
| 163355078 | Nonconsciousness | Any brain process that does not involve conscious processing including both preconscious memories and unconscious processes | |
| 163355079 | Preconscious Memory | Information that is not currently in conscousness but can be recalled to consciousness voulntarily or after something calls attention to them | |
| 163355080 | Unconscious | Freudian theory that a part of the mind that houses memories desires and feelings that would be threatening if brought to consciousness | |
| 163355081 | Circadian Rhythms | Physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours such as the sleep-wakefulness cycle | |
| 163355082 | REM Sleep | A stage of sleep that occurs approximately every 90 minutes marked by bursts of rapid eye movements occuring under closed eyelids | |
| 163355083 | Non REM Sleep | The recurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rapid eye movements | |
| 163355084 | Sleep Paralysis | A condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any of the voluntary muscles except those controlling the eyes | |
| 163355085 | Sleep Debt | A sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning | |
| 163355086 | Manifest Content | The story line of a dream taken at face value without interpretation | |
| 163355087 | Latent Content | The symbolic meaning of objects and events in a dream | |
| 163355088 | Activation Synthesis | Dreams begin with random electriccal activation coming from the brain stem | |
| 163355089 | Insomnia | The most common of sleep disorders, involving insufficient sleep the inability to fall asleep quickly and frequent arousals or ealry awakening | |
| 163355090 | Sleep Apnea | A person intermittently stops breathing many times while asleep | |
| 163355091 | Night/Sleep Terrors | Deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, although any terrifying mental experience is usually forgotten upon awakening | |
| 163355092 | Narcolepsy | A disorder of REM sleep involing sleep-onset REM periods and sudden daytime REM sleep attacks usually accompanied by cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle control) | |
| 163355093 | Hypnosis | An induced state of awareness usually characterized by heightened suggestibility deep relaxation and highly focused attention | |
| 163355094 | Continuity View | The perspective that development is gradual and continuous | |
| 163355095 | Developmental Stages | Periods of life initiated by significant transitions or changes in physical/psychological functioning | |
| 163355096 | Prenatal Period | Developmental period before birth | |
| 163355097 | Teratogens | Toxic substances/chemicals that can damage the developing organism during the prenatal period | |
| 163355098 | Neonatal Period | Time from birth to one month | |
| 163355099 | Infancy | The time between the end of the neonatal period nad the establishment of language | |
| 163355100 | Imprinting | The poweful attraction of infants of some species to the first moving object or individual they see | |
| 163355101 | Sensorimotor stage | Child relies heavily on innate motor responses to stimuli | |
| 163355102 | Preoperational Stage | Marked by well developed mental representation and the use of language | |
| 163355103 | Concrete Operational Stage | When a child understands conservation but still is incapable of abstract thought | |
| 163355104 | Authoritative | Parent makes resonable demands for the child's maturity level | |
| 163355105 | Authoritarian | Parent is highly demanding | |
| 163355106 | Permissive | Parent makes few demands, spoils kid | |
| 163355107 | Uninvolved | Parent makes few or no demands | |
| 163355108 | Psychosocial Stages | Refer to 8 major challenges that appear successively across the lifespan which require an individual to rehtink his/her goals and relationships | |
| 163355109 | Formal Operational Stage | The last of Piaget's stages when abstract thought appears | |
| 163355110 | Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Death and Dying | Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance | |
| 163355111 | Generativity | A process of making a commitment beyond oneself to family, work, society, r future generations | |
| 163355112 | Kohlbergs Moral Development Theory | Theory that moral thikning is just a special form of cognition | |
| 163355113 | Egocentrism | The self-centered inability to realize that there are other view points beside one's own |
