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| 8465562467 | Wilhelm Wundt | the first experimental psychologist | 0 | |
| 8465562468 | Edward Titchener | founder of the school of structuralism | 1 | |
| 8465562469 | William James | founder of the school of functionalism | 2 | |
| 8465562470 | Phineas Gage | man who experienced frontal lobe damage after a railroad accident | 3 | |
| 8465562471 | Jean Piaget | early childhood psychologist who studied cognitive development | 4 | |
| 8465562472 | John Bowlby | first psychologist to study the emotional bond between children and caregivers, aka attachment | 5 | |
| 8465562473 | Harry Harlow | determined that physical contact is the primary factor in the development of attachment | 6 | |
| 8465562474 | Konrad Lorenz | studied type of attachment in non-human animals called imprinting | 7 | |
| 8465562475 | Mary Ainsworth | differentiated between different types of healthy and unhealthy attachment | 8 | |
| 8465562476 | Erik Erikson | studied social development throughout the lifespan | 9 | |
| 8465562477 | Diana Baumrind | researched parenting styles | 10 | |
| 8465562478 | Lawrence Kohlberg | studied moral development | 11 | |
| 8465562479 | Ernst Weber | described the extent to which two stimuli must differ in order to be perceived as different | 12 | |
| 8465562480 | Sigmund Freud | father of psycho-dynamic theory | 13 | |
| 8465562481 | Carol Gilligan | believed that men and women think about morality in fundamentally different ways | 14 | |
| 8465562482 | John Watson | founder of behaviorism. Conducted classical conditioning experiment on Little Albert | 15 | |
| 8465562483 | Ivan Pavlov | conducted the first classical conditioning experiments on dogs | 16 | |
| 8465562484 | John Garcia | disproved the Doctrine of Equipotentiality | 17 | |
| 8465562485 | Edward Thorndike | laid the philosophical framework fr operant conditioning with the Law of Effect | 18 | |
| 8465562486 | BF Skinner | father of modern operant learning; inventor of the operant chamber | 19 | |
| 8465562487 | Albert Bandura | studied observational learning; conducted the Bobo Doll experiement | 20 | |
| 8465562488 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | first to collect empitical data on the effects of rehearsal on memory | 21 | |
| 8465562489 | George Miller | determined the "magic number" for the capacity of short-term memory | 22 | |
| 8465562490 | Elizabeth Loftus | studied the misinformation effect | 23 | |
| 8465562491 | Roger Sperry | the first doctor to perform the split-brain procedure | 24 | |
| 8465562492 | Neuroscience | brain; neurons; biology | 25 | |
| 8465562493 | Evolutionary | natural selection; adaptation | 26 | |
| 8465562494 | Social-Cultural | racial, ethnic, religious differences | 27 | |
| 8465562495 | Psychodynamic | unconscious mental processes | 28 | |
| 8465562496 | Cognitive | thinking; problem-solving | 29 | |
| 8465562497 | Behavior Genetics | nature vs. nurture | 30 | |
| 8465562498 | Behaviorism | learning; conditioning; association | 31 | |
| 8465562499 | Mode | the most commonly occurring value in a set of numbers | 32 | |
| 8465562500 | Null Hypothesis | the idea that the independent variable will have no effect on the dependent variable | 33 | |
| 8465562501 | Case Study | a method of collecting data that involves in-depth examination of a single person/group | 34 | |
| 8465562502 | Mean | adding values in a set of numbers and then dividing it by the number of values in the set | 35 | |
| 8465562503 | Median | the middle value in a set of numbers | 36 | |
| 8465562504 | Dependent Variable | the element of an experiment that is predicted and measured by the researcher | 37 | |
| 8465562505 | Independent Variable | the element of as experiment that is controlled/manipulated by the researcher | 38 | |
| 8465562506 | Population | the group of people from which participants are drawn for a study | 39 | |
| 8465562507 | Replication | doing an experiment multiple times to confirm the result | 40 | |
| 8465562508 | Double-blind Procedure | when neither the participants nor the experimenters are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group | 41 | |
| 8465562509 | Random Selection | an experimental control that assures that results can be generalized to a population | 42 | |
| 8465562510 | Survey | a method of collecting data that involves self-report of participant attitudes/opinions | 43 | |
| 8465562511 | Range | the difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of numbers | 44 | |
| 8465562512 | Naturalistic Observation | a method of collecting data that involves watching a person/group without interacting with them | 45 | |
| 8465562513 | Empiricism | a method of study that involves collecting data using scientific principles | 46 | |
| 8465562514 | Operational Definition | specifically describing the elements of a concept so as to be clear about its meaning | 47 | |
| 8465562515 | Correlation Coefficient | a numerical representation of the relationship between two variables | 48 | |
| 8465562516 | Placebo | creating the expectation of an effect | 49 | |
| 8465562517 | Scatterplot | a graphic representation of the relationship between two variables | 50 | |
| 8465562518 | Theory | a collection of empirical evidence regarding the understanding of a particular concept | 51 | |
| 8465562519 | Random Assignment | an experimental control that eliminates the confounding variable of individual differences | 52 | |
| 8465562520 | Hypothesis | a possible explanation for a phenomenon that is tested by an experiment | 53 | |
| 8465562521 | Statistical Significance | a statement of how likely it is that an experimental result in genuine vs. obtained by chance | 54 | |
| 8465562522 | Confounding Variable | a factor in an experiment unintended by the researcher that may have an effect on the experimental results | 55 | |
| 8465562523 | Standard Deviation | a numerical description of how closely data points are clustered around the mean | 56 | |
| 8465562524 | Antagonists | chemicals which block neurotransmitters from carrying out their function | 57 | |
| 8465562525 | Agonists | chemicals which assist neurotransmitters in carrying out their function | 58 | |
| 8465562526 | Afferent Neurons | aka Sensory Neurons | 59 | |
| 8465562527 | Efferent Neurons | aka Motor Neurons | 60 | |
| 8465562528 | Pineal Gland | secrets melatonin Endocrine System | 61 | |
| 8465562529 | Parathyroid Gland | regulates calcium in the blood Endocrine System | 62 | |
| 8465562530 | Thyroid Gland | regulates metabolism Endocrine System | 63 | |
| 8465562531 | Gonads` | sex hormones Endocrine System | 64 | |
| 8465562532 | Pancreas | regulates blood sugar Endocrine System | 65 | |
| 8465562533 | Adrenal Gland | sympathetic nervous system arousal Endocrine System | 66 | |
| 8465562534 | Pituitary Gland | growth hormone; master gland Endocrine System | 67 | |
| 8465562535 | Medulla | regulates heartbeat and breathing Brainstem | 68 | |
| 8465562536 | Reticular Formation | regulates consciousness Brainstem | 69 | |
| 8465562537 | Thalamus | sensory switchboard Brainstem | 70 | |
| 8465562538 | Cerebellum | kinesthesia; implicit memory | 71 | |
| 8465562539 | Amygdala | emotion Limbic System | 72 | |
| 8465562540 | Hippocampus | encodes/retrieves explicit memories Limbic System | 73 | |
| 8465562541 | Hypothalamus | hunger/thirst; pleasure Limbic System | 74 | |
| 8465562542 | Frontal Lobe | executive functions; contains motor cortex Cerebral Cortex | 75 | |
| 8465562543 | Parietal Lobe | contains sensory cortex Cerebral Cortex | 76 | |
| 8465562544 | Occipital Lobe | contains visual cortex Cerebral Cortex | 77 | |
| 8465562545 | Temporal Lobe | contains auditory cortex Cerebral Cortex | 78 | |
| 8465562546 | Motor Cortex | creates instructions for muscle movements Cerebral Cortex | 79 | |
| 8465562547 | Sensory Cortex | processes sense of touch Cerebral Cortex | 80 | |
| 8465562548 | Wernicke's Area | language comprehension and expression Cerebral Cortex | 81 | |
| 8465562549 | Broca's Area | coordinates muscle movements for speech Cerebral Cortex | 82 | |
| 8465562550 | Angular Gyrus | translates visual code into auditory code Cerebral Cortex | 83 | |
| 8465562551 | Corpus Callosum | carries messages between hemispheres | 84 | |
| 8465562552 | High Heritability | differences more likely caused by genes | 85 | |
| 8465562553 | Low Heritability | differences more likely caused by environment | 86 | |
| 8465562554 | Turner's Syndrome | XO female, reproductively sterile, short | 87 | |
| 8465562555 | Klinefelter's Syndrome | XXY male, sterile, delayed motor functions and speech | 88 | |
| 8465562556 | Double Y Syndrome | XYY delayed emotional maturity, some learning difficulties | 89 | |
| 8465562557 | Fragile-X Syndrome | both male and female autism-like symptons | 90 | |
| 8465562558 | Social Learning Theory | we learn social behavior by imitation, rewards, and punishments | 91 | |
| 8465562559 | Gender Schema Theory | kids adjust their behavior to match the schema for their gender | 92 | |
| 8465562560 | Molecular Genetics | studies the molecular structure and function of genes | 93 | |
| 8465562561 | Interaction | the dependence of the effect of one factor on another | 94 | |
| 8465562562 | Rooting Reflex | inborn ability that allows a newborn baby to feed | 95 | |
| 8465562563 | Egocentrism | the inability to comprehend that others have different thoughts than we do preoperational | 96 | |
| 8465562564 | Cognitive Development | the changes that occur in the way that we think as we grow | 97 | |
| 8465562565 | Fluid Intelligence | mental processing abilities that decrease with age | 98 | |
| 8465562566 | Moro Reflex | inborn ability that infants display when they perceive they are falling | 99 | |
| 8465562567 | Zygote, Embryo, Fetus | the stages of prenatal development in order | 100 | |
| 8465562568 | Conservation | the cognitive understanding that quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size concrete operational | 101 | |
| 8465562569 | Crystallized Intelligence | collection of knowledge that increase throughout adulthood | 102 | |
| 8465562570 | Babinski Reflex | inborn ability that may relate to a time when human ancestors used their feet for grasping | 103 | |
| 8465562571 | Moral Development | the changes that occur in the way that we judge right and wrong as we grow | 104 | |
| 8465562572 | Chromosomes | structures which contain genetic material | 105 | |
| 8465562573 | Object Permanence | the understanding that an object continues to exist even when hidden from sight sensorimotor | 106 | |
| 8465562574 | Psychosocial Development | the changes that occur in the ways we interact with others as we grow | 107 | |
| 8465562575 | Retina | the back of the inside of the eye | 108 | |
| 8465562576 | Blind Spot | the location where the optic nerve leaves the eye | 109 | |
| 8465562577 | Parallel Processing | automatic multitasking that takes place when the brain interprets visual information | 110 | |
| 8465562578 | Amplitude | determines the brightness of light | 111 | |
| 8465562579 | Pupil | the opening through which light enters the eye | 112 | |
| 8465562580 | Trichromatic Theory | theory for color vision that involves combining primary colors of light | 113 | |
| 8465562581 | Cornea | the main purpose of this structure is to protect the eye | 114 | |
| 8465562582 | Rods/Cones | these structures are responsible for transduction in the eye | 115 | |
| 8465562583 | Feature Detectors | cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific characteristics of the physical world | 116 | |
| 8465562584 | Fovea | images from the center of your visual field are projected here | 117 | |
| 8465562585 | Wavelength | determines the color of light | 118 | |
| 8465562586 | Accommodation | the process by which the lens changes shape to accurately focus light | 119 | |
| 8465562587 | Iris | the muscle that regulates how much light enters the eye | 120 | |
| 8465562588 | Opponent Process Theory | theory for color vision that involves pairs of colors of light that cannot be perceived simultaneously | 121 | |
| 8465562589 | Optic Nerve | this structure carries information from the eye to the brain | 122 | |
| 8465562590 | Lens | this structure focuses light and projects it back onto the retina | 123 | |
| 8465562591 | Ossicles | the bones of the middle ear | 124 | |
| 8465562592 | Hair Cells | the structures responsible for transduction in the ear | 125 | |
| 8465562593 | Wavelength | determines the pitch of sound | 126 | |
| 8465562594 | Conduction Hearing Loss | type of hearing loss caused by damage to the eardrum or ossicles | 127 | |
| 8465562595 | Cochlea | snail shell shaped bone of the inner ear | 128 | |
| 8465562596 | Frequency Theory | theory for perception of pitch that emphasizes the relationship between the pitch of a sound and the rate at which hair cells fire. | 129 | |
| 8465562597 | Auditory Nerve | this structure carries information from the ear to the brain | 130 | |
| 8465562598 | Eardrum | transition structure between the outer ear and the middle ear | 131 | |
| 8465562599 | Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup | the bones of the middle ear (in order) | 132 | |
| 8465562600 | Basilar Membrane | strip of tissue on which hair cells are located | 133 | |
| 8465562601 | Amplitude | determines the volume of sound | 134 | |
| 8465562602 | Place Theory | theory for perception of pitch that emphasizes the location on the basilar membrane that is stimulated by a particular pitch of sound | 135 | |
| 8465562603 | Sensorineural Hearing Loss | type of hearing loss caused by damage to the hair cells | 136 | |
| 8465562604 | Oval Window | the opening through which vibrations enter the cochlea | 137 | |
| 8465562605 | Papillae | bumps on the tongue which contain taste buds | 138 | |
| 8465562606 | Anosmia | the loss of the sense of smell | 139 | |
| 8465562607 | Kinesthesis | the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts | 140 | |
| 8465562608 | Vestibular Sense | sense of balance | 141 | |
| 8465562609 | Synesthesia | stimulation of one of the senses leads to experience in another | 142 | |
| 8465562610 | Selective Attention | focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus (picking and choosing what senses you focus on) | 143 | |
| 8465562611 | Change Blindness | a lack of attention to details | 144 | |
| 8465562612 | Inattentional Blindness | attention is focused on a particular detail and is completely unaware of others | 145 | |
| 8465562613 | Visual Capture | the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses | 146 | |
| 8465562614 | Gestalt | tendency to combine pieces of information into meaningful wholes | 147 | |
| 8465562615 | Figure and Ground | organization of the visual field into field objects that stand out from their surroundings | 148 | |
| 8465562616 | Visual Cliff Experiment | used to determine whether infants can perceive depth | 149 | |
| 8465562617 | Retinal Disparity | images from two eyes differ Binocular Cue | 150 | |
| 8465562618 | Convergence | your eyes move inwards when viewing near objects Binocular Cue | 151 | |
| 8465562619 | Relative Size | smaller images are more distant Monocular Cue | 152 | |
| 8465562620 | Interposition | closer objects block distant objects Monocular Cue | 153 | |
| 8465562621 | Relative Clarity | hazy objects seen as more distant Monocular Cue | 154 | |
| 8465562622 | Texture Gradient | with a repeating geometric pattern: coarse= close; fine= distant Monocular Cue | 155 | |
| 8465562623 | Relative Height | objects higher in our visual field are seen as more distant Monocular Cue | 156 | |
| 8465562624 | Relative Motion | closer objects seem to move faster Monocular Cue | 157 | |
| 8465562625 | Linear Perspective | parallel lines appear to converge with distance Monocular Cue | 158 | |
| 8465562626 | Light and Shadow | the way objects are lit suggest depth Monocular Cue | 159 | |
| 8465562627 | Phi Phenomenon | an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in succession | 160 | |
| 8465562628 | Perceptual Constancy | perceiving objects as having unchanging color and/or shape, even as illumination and retinal image change | 161 | |
| 8465562629 | Perceptual Adaptation | visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field | 162 | |
| 8465562630 | Perceptual Set | a mental predisposition to perceive things in a particular light influenced by expectations, context, and schemas | 163 | |
| 8465562631 | Parapsychology | the study of paranormal phenomena | 164 | |
| 8465562632 | Stimulant | Amphetamines | 165 | |
| 8465562633 | Hallucinogen | LSD | 166 | |
| 8465562634 | Depressant | Alcohol | 167 | |
| 8465562635 | Depressant | Heroin | 168 | |
| 8465562636 | Stimulant | Nicotine | 169 | |
| 8465562637 | Hallucinogen; Stimulant | Ecstasy | 170 | |
| 8465562638 | Depressant | Opiates | 171 | |
| 8465562639 | Depressant | Barbiturates | 172 | |
| 8465562640 | Stimulant | Cocaine | 173 | |
| 8465562641 | Depressant | Morphine | 174 | |
| 8465562642 | Hallucinogen | Marijuana | 175 | |
| 8465562643 | Stimulant | Caffeine | 176 | |
| 8465562644 | Depressant | Codeine | 177 | |
| 8465562645 | Delta Waves | brain waves during our deepest stage of sleep | 178 | |
| 8465562646 | Lucid Dreaming | awareness that one is dreaming while in the process of dreaming | 179 | |
| 8465562647 | Circadian Rhythm | biological rhythm of 24 hours | 180 | |
| 8465562648 | Sleep Apnea | temporary cessation of breathing while sleeping | 181 | |
| 8465562649 | Manifest Content | storyline of our dreams | 182 | |
| 8465562650 | Night Terrors | extremely frightening episodes that take place during NREM | 183 | |
| 8465562651 | Alpha Waves | brain waves while an individual is awake | 184 | |
| 8465562652 | Narcolepsy | falling asleep without warning | 185 | |
| 8465562653 | Latent Content | hidden meanings of our dreams | 186 | |
| 8465562654 | Somnambulism | sleep walking | 187 | |
| 8465562655 | Somniloquy | sleep talking | 188 | |
| 8465562656 | Dissociation | a split in conscious awareness | 189 | |
| 8465562657 | REM Sleep | paradoxical sleep | 190 | |
| 8465562658 | Adaptive Non-responding Theory | sleep protects us; safer to sleep during the night | 191 | |
| 8465562659 | Restorative Theory | sleep restores body tissues | 192 | |
| 8465562660 | Growth Theory | during sleep stages, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone | 193 | |
| 8465562661 | Memory Consolidation Theory | dreaming helps us to sift through, sort, and store our daily memories | 194 | |
| 8465562662 | Neural Development Theory | stimulation of a brain's neural networks helps to maintain and develop them | 195 | |
| 8465562663 | Activation-Synthesis Theory | dreams are the brain's attempt at making sense of random neural activity during REM | 196 | |
| 8465562664 | Social Influence Theory | hypnotized people are caught up in the expectations of being hypotized | 197 | |
| 8465562665 | Negative Reinforcement | operant conditioning term for the loss of an unpleasant consequence | 198 | |
| 8465562666 | Variable Interval | schedule of partial reinforcement that takes the longest to extinguish | 199 | |
| 8465562667 | Operant Chamber | device that can be programmed to administer reinforcements and punishments and record their effect on behavior | 200 | |
| 8465562668 | Discrimination | the ability to tell the difference between meaningful and meaningless stimuli | 201 | |
| 8465562669 | Overjustification Effect | the potential decrease in intrinsic motivation that is induced by receiving an extrinsic reward for a behavior | 202 | |
| 8465562670 | Acquisition Period | the period of time during which associations are created | 203 | |
| 8465562671 | Association | the mental connection that can be created between two events | 204 | |
| 8465562672 | Positive Reinforcement | operant conditioning term for the gain of a pleasant consequence | 205 | |
| 8465562673 | Extinction | the weakening of an association caused by a lack of sequential presentation of mentally connected events | 206 | |
| 8465562674 | Modeling | the process by which one learns by watching and mimicking others | 207 | |
| 8465562675 | Fixed Ratio | schedule of partial reinforcement that is most quickly acquired | 208 | |
| 8465562676 | Premack Principle | the idea that the effectiveness of a consequence in altering behavior depends upon the interpretation of the consequence by the individual being subjected to it | 209 | |
| 8465562677 | Law of Effect | behaviors followed by a pleasant consequence will become more likely in the future, and behaviors followed by an unpleasant consequence will become less likely in the future | 210 | |
| 8465562678 | Mirror Neurons | the neurological basis for observational learning | 211 | |
| 8465562679 | Negative Punishment | operant conditioning term for the loss of a pleasant consequence | 212 | |
| 8465562680 | Generalization | the inability to tell the difference between meaningful and meaningless stimuli | 213 | |
| 8465562681 | Doctrine of Equipotentiality | any neutral stimulus can be given meaning if presented just before a strong UCS-UCR pairing | 214 | |
| 8465562682 | Latent Learning | the type of learning that does not require a consequence to occur | 215 | |
| 8465562683 | Spontaneous Recovery | the idea that associations can still exist even after extinction occurs | 216 | |
| 8465562684 | Positive Punishment | operant conditioning term for the gain of an unpleasant consequence | 217 | |
| 8465562685 | Repression | unconsciously motivated forgetting | 218 | |
| 8465562686 | Retrieval | the memory process by which information is gotten out of memory | 219 | |
| 8465562687 | Long-term Memory | the most permanent type of memory storage | 220 | |
| 8465562688 | Mood Congruent Memory | using emotional states as primers for memory | 221 | |
| 8465562689 | Semantic Memory | explicit memory for information and facts | 222 | |
| 8465562690 | "Magic" Number | the capacity of short term memory (7+- 2) | 223 | |
| 8465562691 | Anterograde Amnesia | loss of the ability to form new memories after brain damage occurs | 224 | |
| 8465562692 | Long-term Potentiation | lowering of firing threshold for neurons in a network due to repeated stimulation | 225 | |
| 8465562693 | Flashbulb Memory | very detailed memory of an event; often emotionally charged | 226 | |
| 8465562694 | Mnemonic | a strategy for remembering something | 227 | |
| 8465562695 | Retroactive Interference | when knowing newer information makes it more difficult to remember older information | 228 | |
| 8465562696 | Recency Effect | when read a list of pieces of information, the tendency to remember the item at the end of the list | 229 | |
| 8465562697 | Retrieval Failure | also called the "tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon" | 230 | |
| 8465562698 | Context Effects | congruency between the location in which something is learned and the location in which it is tested makes remembering easier | 231 | |
| 8465562699 | Chunking | grouping pieces of information together in order to make them easier to remember | 232 | |
| 8465562700 | Encoding | the memory process by which information is gotten into memory | 233 | |
| 8465562701 | Storage Decay | when the strength of the connection in a neural network fades | 234 | |
| 8465562702 | Procedural Memory | explicit memory for how to do things | 235 | |
| 8465562703 | Primer | some sort of cue that aids with memory | 236 | |
| 8465562704 | Misinformation Effect | the reason for creation of false memories | 237 | |
| 8465562705 | Short-term Memory | memory with duration of a minute or less | 238 | |
| 8465562706 | Proactive Interference | when knowing older information makes it more difficult to remember newer information | 239 | |
| 8465562707 | State Dependent Memory | congruency between the state of consciousness on is in when something is leaned and the state of consciousness one is in when it is tested makes remembering easier | 240 | |
| 8465562708 | Explicit Memory | memory that can be consciously remembered and declared | 241 | |
| 8465562709 | Spacing Effect | the idea that distributing practice of information over time leads to better memorization | 242 | |
| 8465562710 | Storage | the memory process by which information is retained | 243 | |
| 8465562711 | Sensory Memory | very brief memory of large amounts of information; lasts only seconds | 244 | |
| 8465562712 | Forgetting Curve | the idea that much of unpracticed information falls out of memory quickly, but then the rate slows, and some information is retained long after | 245 | |
| 8465562713 | Encoding Failure | when one is exposed to information but does not consciously attend to it enough to bring it into memory | 246 | |
| 8465562714 | Primacy Effect | when read a list of pieces of information, the tendency to remember the items at the beginning of the list | 247 | |
| 8465562715 | Retrograde Amnesia | loss of memory for events and experiences | 248 | |
| 8465562716 | Episodic Memory | explicit memory for events and experiences | 249 | |
| 8465562717 | Implicit Memory | memories that are gained without conscious effort | 250 | |
| 8465562718 | Serial Position Effect | the combination of the primacy effect and the recency effect | 251 | |
| 8465562719 | Working Memory | processing memory that brings together other types of memory in order to solve a problem or complete a task | 252 | |
| 8465562720 | Assimilation | expanding upon an already-existing schema | 253 | |
| 8465562721 | Accommodation | creating a new schema | 254 | |
| 8465562722 | Recall Memory | remembering without cues | 255 | |
| 8465562723 | Recognition Memory | identifying from a list of options | 256 |
