Terms : Hide Images
| 5281673318 | Neuron | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system. | 0 | |
| 5281673319 | Dendrite | Part of a neuron that bring information INTO the cell. The receiving end of the neuron. | 1 | |
| 5281673320 | Axon | Part of a neuron that sends information OUT of the cell. This is the "talking" end of the neuron. | 2 | |
| 5281673321 | Myelin Sheath | A fatty, insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons. Makes the information "faster" (and disintegrates with old age). | 3 | |
| 5281673322 | Neurotransmitter | Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. | 4 | |
| 5281673323 | Synapse | The space between neurons (axons and dendrites). | 5 | |
| 5281673324 | Threshold | The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse (why a neuron firing is all or nothing). | 6 | |
| 5281673325 | Action Potential | A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. | 7 | |
| 5281673326 | All or None Potential | If a threshold is reached, a neuron fires. There is no halfway, a neuron fires or it doesn't. | 8 | |
| 5281673327 | Excitatory Neurotransmitter | Causes a neuron to fire . Leads to changes that generate a new action potential in the post synaptic neuron (ex. glutamate). | 9 | |
| 5281673328 | Inhibitory Neurotransmitter | Prevents or reduces the ability of a neuron to fire. | 10 | |
| 5281673329 | Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and also triggers MUSCLE CONTRACTION. | 11 | |
| 5281673330 | Dopamine | A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system. (Ex. too much makes you schizophrenic). | 12 | |
| 5281673331 | Endorphins | Chemical substances in the nervous system that reduce the perception of pain (our body'd natural version of morphine). | 13 | |
| 5281673332 | Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that regulates MOOD, appetite, sleep, muscle contraction, and some cognitive functions including memory and learning (ex. too little and you're depressed). | 14 | |
| 5281673336 | Afferent Neurons | ______ Neurons (SENSORY). Nerve cells that take information from the rest of the body (peripheral) to the brain (central). | 15 | |
| 5281673337 | Efferent Neurons | ______ Neurons (MOTOR). Neurons that take information from the brain (central) to the rest of the body (peripheral). | 16 | |
| 5281673338 | Central Nervous System | Composed of the brain and the spinal cord. | 17 | |
| 5281673339 | Peripheral Nervous System | The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. | 18 | |
| 5281673340 | Somatic Nervous System | The part of the nervous system that contols voluntary movement. | 19 | |
| 5281673341 | Sympathetic Nervous System | Activates/Exerts energy (Ex. speeds up heart rate, ups blood pressure). | 20 | |
| 5281673342 | Parasympathetic | Calms you down, especially after a fight or flight response (Ex. lowers blood pressure, digests food). | 21 | |
| 5281673344 | EEG | Uses electrodes attached to your scalp that detects electrical impulses our brain neurons use to communicate. | 22 | |
| 5281673345 | CT Scan | CAT scan. Computerized Axial Tomography. E-ray + computer creates cross-sectional images of the body. | 23 | |
| 5281673346 | MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A magnetic field aligns the spinning atoms of the brain, radio waves disorient atoms, and the soft tissue is mapped when they move back into place. | 24 | |
| 5281673347 | PET Scan | Positron Emission Tomography. Detects "food for thought", or GLUCOSE CONSUMPTION. Radioactive glucose is injected and usage is tracked. | 25 | |
| 5281673348 | Hindbrain | The posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and brainstem (Oldest portion of the brain shared with reptiles). |  | 26 |
| 5281673349 | Medulla | Base of brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing. |  | 27 |
| 5281673350 | Pons | A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each side of the body. |  | 28 |
| 5281673351 | Cerebellum | A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. Posture/Balance. |  | 29 |
| 5281673352 | Reticular Formation | controls general body arousal and the ability to focus. (Automatic Functions). |  | 30 |
| 5281673353 | Thalamus | A relay station to high brain areas. A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. |  | 31 |
| 5281673354 | Hypothalamus | Pleasure Center (Ex. hunger, thirst, body temperature, sexual behavior). Also controls the pituitary gland. |  | 32 |
| 5281673355 | Amygdala | A limbic system structure involved in memory and emotion, particularly fear and aggression. |  | 33 |
| 5281673356 | Hippocampus | A part of the limbic system that processes memory, turning STM into LTM. |  | 34 |
| 5281673357 | Limbic System | Doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |  | 35 |
| 5281673358 | Cerebral Cortex | C_______ C_______.The part of the brain where information processing takes place. Divided into four lobes. |  | 36 |
| 5281673359 | Left Hemisphere | The hemisphere associated with: rational, logic, thought, speech, and words. |  | 37 |
| 5281673360 | Right Hemisphere | The hemisphere associated with: images, emotions, intuitions, drawing, and inferences. |  | 38 |
| 5281673361 | Corpus Callosum | The section between the hemispheres that links them (can be cut for epilepsy). |  | 39 |
| 5281673362 | Broca's Area | _______ Area. In the Frontal Lobe, deals with the motor functions of speech (incorrect pronunciations, inability to speak, etc.) |  | 40 |
| 5281673363 | Wernicke's Area | ________ Area. In the Temporal Lobe, deals with meaningful language (correct pronunciations, sentences that make no sense, etc.). | | 41 |
| 5281673364 | Parietal Lobe | Deals with senses and perception. A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch. |  | 42 |
| 5281673365 | Sensory Cortex | Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations. |  | 43 |
| 5281673366 | Motor Cortex | An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. |  | 44 |
| 5281673367 | Occipital Lobe | A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. |  | 45 |
| 5281673368 | Temporal Lobe | An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information. |  | 46 |
| 5281673369 | Brain Plasticity | The capacity for the brain to alter its structure and function (Ex. take over for damaged regions). | 47 | |
| 5281673370 | Endocrine System | A system of glands that secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. |  | 48 |
| 5281673371 | Adrenal Gland | A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress. |  | 49 |
| 5281673372 | Pituitary Gland | The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. |  | 50 |
| 5281673373 | Norepinerphrine | ... | 51 |
