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| 10530790444 | Humanism | an intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based on the study of the Greek and Roman classics. | 0 | |
| 10530791913 | Christian Humanism | a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church | 1 | |
| 10530794193 | Securalism | the process of becoming more concerned with material, worldly, temporal things and less with spiritual and religious things; a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance. | 2 | |
| 10530795708 | Individualism | emphasis on and interest in the unique traits of each person. | 3 | |
| 10530801927 | Rationalism | a system of thought based on the belief that human reason and experience are the chief sources of knowledge. | 4 | |
| 10530803402 | City-states | a political phenomenon of small independent states in the northern Italian peninsula between the 10th and 15th centuries | 5 | |
| 10530814115 | Commenda system | Contract between merchant and "merchant-adventurer" who agreed to take goods to distant locations and return with the proceeds (for 1/3 of profits) | 6 | |
| 10530814116 | Fiver Powers | The 5 major city-states that dominated Italy: Republic of Florence, Papal States, Florence, Venice, Milan | 7 | |
| 10530835983 | Medici | Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking, spent a lot of money on art, controlled Florence for about 3 centuries | 8 | |
| 10530838617 | Sforza | The family that ruled the Duchy of Milan after 1450 | 9 | |
| 10530841949 | Charles VIII of France | (1470-1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498. was a member of the House of Valois. His invasion of Italy initiated the long series of Franco-Italian wars which characterized the first half of the 16th century. | 10 | |
| 10530846518 | Savonarola | 1452-1498 Franciscan friar in Florence who objected to many of the new attitudes in the Renaissance - saw them as satanical. Gained power in Florence in 1494 at a time of Medici weakness and used strict, puritanical rule. Overthrown in 1498 and burned at stake. Medici returned to power but great age of Florence had passed. | 11 | |
| 10530851163 | Machiavelli | Renaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means." | 12 | |
| 10530853743 | Cesare Borgia | A political leader, son of Pope Alexander VI, who had ambitions of uniting all of Italy under his control. | 13 | |
| 10530856817 | Petrarch | Father of Italian Renaissance Humanism, first to characterize the middle ages as a period of darkness, promoting the mistaken belief that medieval culture was ignorant of classical antiquity | 14 | |
| 10530885564 | Bocaccio | Italian writer famous for his vernacular prose, in particular the Decameron, which reveals stories of society during the plague | 15 | |
| 10530888927 | Bruni | a humanist, Florentine patriot, and chancellor of the city. one of first italian humanists to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek. | 16 | |
| 10530907787 | Valla | Papal secretary, his major work (the elegances of the latin language) was an effort to purify medieval latin and restore latin to its proper position over the vernacular | 17 | |
| 10530922510 | Ficino | dedicated his life to translating Plato and creating Neoplatonism | 18 | |
| 10530927474 | Mirandola | magi, one of the most famous works of the Renaissance (the oration on the dignity of man)He combed diligently through the works of many philosophers of different backgrounds for the common "nuggets of universal truth" that he believed were all part of God's revelation to humanity | 19 | |
| 10530944709 | Castiglione | Wrote The Courtier which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art. | 20 | |
| 10530957369 | Gutenburg | Invented the printing press | 21 | |
| 10530964336 | Vasari | Artist who in 1550, coined the term "Renaissance" to capture the sense of artistic advancement and genius of a new age that rivaled the achievement of the Roman masters, he wrote the book "the lives of the artists" | 22 | |
| 10530977043 | Pope Alexander VI | A corrupt Spanish Renaissance pope whose immorality sparked debate about the integrity of the Catholic Church. | 23 |
