Terms : Hide Images
| 13973115823 | Absolute Distance | a distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length. EX. kansas to colorado is 471 miles | 0 | |
| 13973125098 | Absolute Location | The exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinates of a grid system. Ex. The absolute location of kansas is 36 n and 42.3 w | 1 | |
| 13973153551 | Accessibility | The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place. Ex. 119th walmart is more closer than 151st walmart hence it has better accessibility | 2 | |
| 13974534206 | Aggregation | To come together into a mass, sum or whole. Ex. the level of aggregation cartographers use. | 3 | |
| 13974552489 | Anthropogenic | Human induced changes on the natural environment. Ex. deforestation, mining. | 4 | |
| 13974591669 | Azimuthal Projection | A map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface. |  | 5 |
| 13974599191 | Breaking Point | The outer edge of a citys sphere of influence, used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city's hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supplies. | 6 | |
| 13974621783 | HINTERLAND | surrounding area served by an urban center | 7 | |
| 13974631877 | Cartograms | A type of thematic map that transfomrs space such that the political unit with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area. |  | 8 |
| 13974639614 | Cartography | The theory and practice of making visual representations of Earth's surface in the form of maps. basically making maps | 9 | |
| 13974643249 | Choropleth Map | A thematic map that uses tones or colors to represent spatial data as average values per unit area. |  | 10 |
| 13974663921 | Cognitive Map | An image of a portion of earths surface that individual creates in his or her mind. Cognitive maps can include knowledge of actual location and relationships among locations as well as personal perceptions and preferences of particular places. |  | 11 |
| 13974679054 | Complementarity | The actual or potential relationship between two places, usually referring to economic interactions. | 12 | |
| 13974682818 | Connectivity | The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places. Ex. hawaii is very far away but connected socially, culturally and politically to the US. | 13 | |
| 13974717804 | Contagious Diffusion | The spread of a disease, an innovation, or cultural traits through direct contact with another person or another place. EX. ebola. | 14 | |
| 13974723805 | Coordinate system | A standard grid, composed of lines of latitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object, place, or feature on Earth's surface. | 15 | |
| 13974729144 | Cultural Ecology | The study if the interactions between societies and the natural environments in which they live. Ex. the geography we study today | 16 | |
| 13974788187 | Cultural Landscape | The human-modified natural landscape specifically containing the imprint of a particular culture or society. | 17 | |
| 13974797931 | Distance Decay Effect | The more the distance between two things, the lesser the interaction | 18 | |
| 13974800774 | Dot maps | Thematic maps that use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurrences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births. |  | 19 |
| 13974806970 | Earth System Science | A systematic approach to physical geography that looks at the interaction between Earth's physical systems and processes on a global scale. | 20 | |
| 13974816156 | enviromental geography | intersecton between human and physical geography. the impacts the two have on eachother. | 21 | |
| 13974820813 | Eratosthenes | -The head librarian at Alexandria during the third century B.C.; -he was one of the first cartographers. - Performed a remarkably accurate computation of the earth's circumference. - He is also credited with coining the term "geography." | 22 | |
| 13974829728 | Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. | 23 | |
| 13974837899 | Fertile Crescent | The name given to the crescent-shaped area of fertile land stretching from the lower Nile Valley along the east Mediterranean coast and into Syria and present-day Iraq where agriculture and early civilization first began about 8000 B.C. | 24 | |
| 13974839103 | Formal Region | a region defined by a common characteristic, such as climate, language, land use etc. | 25 | |
| 13974846582 | Friction of Distance | A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places. Ex. won't go to target 7 miles away when theres a target 2 miles away. | 26 | |
| 13974860815 | Fuller projection | maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction. |  | 27 |
| 13974869288 | Functional Region | Definition of regions based on function. Ex. a boundary line drawn around the circulation of a particular newspaper. | 28 | |
| 13974874953 | Geographic Information System (GIS) | A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. | 29 | |
| 13974878156 | Geographic Scale | The scale at which a geographer analyzes a particular phenomenon, for example: global, national, census tract, neighborhood, etc. Generally, the finer the scale of analysis, the richer the level of detail in the findings. | 30 | |
| 13974878157 | Geoid | The actual shape of earth. | 31 | |
| 13974880375 | Global Positioning System (GPS) | A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. | 32 | |
| 13974881797 | Gravity Model | An idea by Ravenstein that suggests that interaction between places is based on their population size and distance between them. | 33 | |
| 13974886106 | Hierarchical Diffusion | diffusion from popular stuff. EX. california has given the midwest so many trends b/c Cali is more superior. | 34 | |
| 13974891343 | Human Geography | The study of where and why human activities are located where they are | 35 | |
| 13974893915 | Idiographic | Pertaining to the unique facts or characteristics of a particular place Ex. ethnic composition | 36 | |
| 13974916096 | International Date Like | The line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian. | 37 | |
| 13974920797 | Intervening oppertunities | one place needs a product. two factories make it but one of them is closer to the place that needs it. the closer store is an intervening oppertunity to the 3rd store because of its distance. the transportation costs usually decrease with proximity. | 38 | |
| 13974939712 | Isoline | A map line that connects points of equal or very similar values. EX. topographic maps use isolines to elevation |  | 39 |
| 13975016473 | Large Scale | a relatively small ration between the actual and fake units. EX. 1:5000 | 40 | |
| 13975024065 | Latitude | north to south | 41 | |
| 13975028571 | Law of Retail Gravitation | A law stating that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business since larger cities have a wider influence on the surrounding hinterlands. | 42 | |
| 13975039666 | Location Charts | On a map, a chart or graph that gives specific statistical information about a particular political unit or jurisdiction. | 43 | |
| 13975189659 | Longitude | east to west | 44 | |
| 13975189660 | Map projection | a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface |  | 45 |
| 13975193440 | Map scale | The ratio between the size of an area on a map and the actual size of that same area on the earth's surface. | 46 | |
| 13975195756 | Geore Perkins Marsh | person who wrote a book that provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions | 47 | |
| 13975206378 | Mercator Projection | A true conformal cylindrical map projection, the Mercator projection is particularly useful for navigation because it maintains accurate direction. Mercator projections are famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses at the poles appear oversized. |  | 48 |
| 13975210916 | Natural landscape | The physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities. | 49 | |
| 13975214242 | Nomothetic | Concepts or rules that can be applies universally. | 50 | |
| 13975219110 | Perceptual Region | a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data | 51 | |
| 13975237456 | Peters Projection Map | An equal area projection purposely center on africa in an attempt to treat all region of earth equally. |  | 52 |
| 13975251090 | Physical Geography | The realm of geography that studies the structures, processes, distributions, and changes through time of the natural phenomena of earths surface. | 53 | |
| 13975256930 | Preference Map | A map that displays individual preferences for certain places | 54 | |
| 13975261626 | Proportional Symbols Map | A thematic map in which the size of a chosen symbol-such as a circle or triangle-indicates the relative magnitude of some statistical value for a given geographic region. |  | 55 |
| 13975264221 | Ptolemy | Roman geographer-astronomer and author of Guide to Geography which included maps containing a grid system of latitude and longitude. | 56 | |
| 13975267069 | Qualitative Data | Data associated with a more humanistic approach to geography, often collected through interviews, empirical observations, or the interpretation of texts, artwork, old maps, and other archives. | 57 | |
| 13975268547 | Quantative Data | Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association. | 58 | |
| 13975270133 | Reference Map | A map type that shows reference information for a particular place, making it useful for finding landmarks and for navigation. |  | 59 |
| 13975274365 | Regional Geography | The study of geographic regions. | 60 | |
| 13975275719 | Relative distance | A measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places. Often relative distance describes the amount of social, cultural, or economic, connectivity between two places. | 61 | |
| 13975277508 | Relative Location | The position of a place relative to the places around it | 62 | |
| 13975279280 | relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. | 63 | |
| 13975280506 | Remote Sensing | A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study. | 64 | |
| 13975286529 | Robinson Projection | Projection that attempts to balance several possible projection errors. It does not maintain completely accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each. |  | 65 |
| 13975294087 | Carl Sauer | Defined the concept of cultural landscape as the fundamental unit of geographical analysis. | 66 | |
| 13975296501 | Sense of Place | Feelings evoked by people as a result of certain experiences and memories associated with a particular place | 67 | |
| 13975299769 | Site | The absolute location of a place, described by landforms, and other cultural or physical characteristics. | 68 | |
| 13975306242 | Situation | The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and interdependencies within that system; a place's spatial context. | 69 | |
| 13975307922 | Small Scale | Depicts a large area but with less detail. 1:50000000 | 70 | |
| 13975311372 | Spatial Diffusion | transfer or movement of things, ideas, people from place to place | 71 | |
| 13975312965 | Spatial Perspective | An intellectual framework that looks at the particular locations of a specific phenomenon, how and why that phenomenon is where it is, and finally, how it is spatially related to phenomena in other places. | 72 | |
| 13975316885 | Sustainability | The concept of using Earth's resources in such a way that they provide for people's needs in the present without diminishing Earth's ability to provide for future generations. | 73 | |
| 13975319270 | Thematic Layers | GIS; overlaid to analyze spatial relationships | 74 | |
| 13975322668 | Time-space convergence | The idea that distance between some places is actually shrinking as technology enables more rapid communication and increased interaction among those places | 75 | |
| 13975329604 | Topographic Maps | Maps that use isolines to represent constant elevations. If you took a topographic map out into the field and walked exactly along the path of an isoline on your map, you would always stay at the same elevation. |  | 76 |
| 13975331211 | Topological Space | The amount of connectivity between places regardless of the absolute distance separating them. | 77 | |
| 13975332783 | Transferability | The costs involved in moving goods from one place to another | 78 | |
| 13975334254 | Visualization | Formation of mental visual images. | 79 | |
| 13975608089 | Age-sex distribution (pop. pyramid) | a model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population; also called a population pyramid | 80 | |
| 13975613539 | Arithmetic Density | The number of people living in a given unit area. | 81 | |
| 13975619998 | Baby Boom | 30 million WW2 babies were born between 1942 and 1950. allowed for better education, and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility. | 82 | |
| 13975625154 | Baby Bust | period in the US during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates dropped as many female baby boomers sought higher levels of education and jobs, marrying later in life. opposite of baby boom | 83 | |
| 13975628699 | carrying capacity | The largest population that an area can support | 84 | |
| 13975629870 | Census Tract | Small county subdivisions, usually containing between 2,500 and 8,000 persons, described by the U.S. Census Bureau as areas of relatively uniform population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. | 85 | |
| 13975660592 | Chain Migration | migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there | 86 | |
| 13975662112 | Child Mortality Rate (CMR) | number of deaths per thousand children within the first five years of life. | 87 | |
| 13975686589 | Cohort | A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit. | 88 | |
| 13975694337 | Cotton Belt | The area people have migrated from the north to south for better climate and new job opportunities. | 89 | |
| 13975712785 | crude birth rate | The number of live births per year per 1,000 people. | 90 | |
| 13975712786 | crude death rate | The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people. | 91 | |
| 13975714750 | Demographic Accounting Equation | An equation that summarizes the amount of growth or decline in a population within a country during a particular time period taking into account both natural increase and net migration. | 92 | |
| 13975736884 | Demographic Transition Model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. | 93 | |
| 13975739085 | demography | Scientific study of human populations. | 94 | |
| 13975739930 | Dependency Ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force. shown in the population pyramid | 95 | |
| 13975747742 | Doubling time | the period of time required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely. | 96 | |
| 13982228259 | Emigration | moving out of a particular country, usually their origin. | 97 | |
| 13982259026 | Exponential Growth | Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate | 98 | |
| 13982272394 | Forced Migration | The migration event in which individuals are forced to leave a country against their will. | 99 | |
| 13982285139 | Generation X | A term coined by artist and author Douglas Coupland to describe people born in the United States between the years 1965 and 1980. This post-baby-boom generation will have to support the baby boom cohort as they head into their retirement years. | 100 | |
| 13982303792 | Immigration | The process of individuals moving into a new country with the intentions of remaining there. | 101 | |
| 13982309559 | infant mortality rate | The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country. | 102 | |
| 13982313098 | Internal Migration | permanent movement within the same country | 103 | |
| 13982324845 | Intervening Obstacles | Any forces or factors that may limit human migration. EX. deserts, forests. | 104 | |
| 13982444297 | life expectancy | The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. | 105 | |
| 13982468711 | Thomas Malthus | Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. | 106 | |
| 13982489391 | Maternal Mortality Rate | Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth. | 107 | |
| 13982492663 | mirgration | A long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another. | 108 | |
| 13982586358 | natural increase rate | The difference between number of births and number of deaths in a country. | 109 | |
| 13982620017 | Neo-Malthusian Theory | Advocacy of population control programs to ensure enough resources for current and future populations. | 110 | |
| 13982714322 | Overpopulation | a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living | 111 | |
| 13982724865 | Physiologic Density | A ratio of human population to the area of cropland, used in less developed countries dominated by subsistence agriculture. | 112 | |
| 13982731029 | Population Density | Number of individuals per unit area | 113 | |
| 13982740210 | population geography (geodemography) | a division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population. | 114 | |
| 13982745290 | Population Pyramid | A model used in population geography to show the age and sex distribution of a particular population. |  | 115 |
| 13982752168 | Pull Factors | Attractions that draw migrants to a certain place, such as a pleasant climate and employment or educational opportunities. | 116 | |
| 13982752169 | Push Factors | Factors that induce people to leave old residences. EX. war, hunger, political turmoil | 117 | |
| 13982761110 | Refugees | People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion. | 118 | |
| 13982765943 | Rust Belt | The northern industrial states of the United States, including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, in which heavy industry was once the dominant economic activity. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, these states lost much of their economic base to economically attractive regions of the United States and to countries where labor was cheaper, leaving old machinery to rust in the moist northern climate. | 119 | |
| 13982782752 | Sun Belt | U.S. region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II. | 120 | |
| 13982782753 | Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. | 121 | |
| 13982791975 | Voluntary Mirgation | Movement of an individual who voluntarily decides to locate to a new area. opposite of forced migration. | 122 | |
| 13982821497 | Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | When per capita birth and death rates are equal. (r = 0) | 123 | |
| 13984247027 | Acculturation | The adoption of cultural traits such as language, by one group under the influence of another. EX. missionaries | 124 | |
| 13984316136 | Animism | Most prevalent in africa and the americas, doctrine in which the world is seen as being infused with spiritual and even supernatural powers. | 125 | |
| 13984399760 | Artifact | Any item that represents a material aspect of culture.EX. terracota soldiers statues | 126 | |
| 13984420301 | Buddhism | System of belief that seeks to explain ultimate realities for all people- such as the nature of suffering and the path toward self realization. | 127 | |
| 13984440703 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life | 128 | |
| 13984440704 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. | 129 | |
| 13984445277 | Creole | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 130 | |
| 13984452694 | cultural complex | The group of traits that define a particular culture. | 131 | |
| 13984457301 | Cultural Extinction | Obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation, or a combination of the three. T H A N O S | 132 | |
| 13984478728 | Cultural Geography | The subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space. | 133 | |
| 13984478729 | cultural hearth | Locations on Earth's surface where specific cultures first arose. | 134 |
