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AP Rhetorical Terms Flashcards

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4807162905EthosAppeals to an audience's sense of morality/trust; Achieved by projecting an image of credibility which supports the speaker's position0
4807163780PathosAppeal to emotion1
4807163781LogosAn appeal to reason & logic. Relies on the use of facts, data, statistics, examples, evidence to prove a claim.2
4807165025allusionA brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.3
4807166378analogya logical comparison that highlights a literal similarity in relationship or function between two unlike things. Hammer:Carpenter :: Pen: Writer4
4807166379anaphoraA rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines, clauses, or sentences.5
4807167420antithesisAn opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses6
4807167421aphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.7
4807168571apostropheA figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply8
4807168572connotationAll the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests9
4807169816denotationThe dictionary definition of a word10
4807169817dictionAn author's choice of words to convey a tone or effect11
4807170833hyperboleA figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor12
4807170834imageryDescriptive or figurative language in a literary work; the use of language to create sensory impressions.13
4807170835ironyA contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.14
4807172481metaphorA comparison that establishes a figurative identity between objects being compared.15
4807172482metonymyA figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (such as "crown" for "royalty").16
4807173390paradoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.17
4807173391parallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.18
4807174171personificationA figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. Personification is used to make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader.19
4807174172punA joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.20
4807174173repetitionRepeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis21
4807175246simileA comparison using "like" or "as"22
4807175247syntaxArrangement of words in phrases and sentences23
4807175255toneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.24
4807176406understatementA figure of speech in which a writer or speaker says less than what he or she means; the opposite of exaggeration.25
10456033417NarrationTo tell a story about your subject, possibly to enlighten readers or to explain something to them26
10456035038DescriptionTo help readers understand your subject through evidence of their senses27
10456036925ExampleTo explain your subject with instances that illustrate to readers its nature or character.28
10456038705Comparison and ContrastTo explain or evaluate your subject by helping readers see the similarities and differences between it and another subject.29
10456039896Process AnalysisTo inform readers how to do something or how something works--how a sequence of actions leads to a particular result.30
10456041799Division or AnalysisTo explain a conclusion about your subject by showing readers the subject's parts or elements.31
10456241049Classificationto help readers see order in your subject by understanding the kinds or groups it can be sorted into32
10456242688Cause and effectTo tell readers the reasons for or consequences of your subject, explaining why or what if33
10456243467DefinitionTo show readers the meaning of your subject- its boundaries and its distinctions from other subjects34

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