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AP Statistics Chapter 1 Flashcards

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7529817897IndividualsObjects0
7529817898VariablesCharacteristic of an individual1
7529817899Categorical VariablePlaces individual into a category2
7529817900Quantitative VariableTakes numerical values for which it makes sense to find an average3
7529817901Frequency TableTable of counts4
7529817902Relative Frequency TableDisplays percents5
7529817903Bar Graph- Label axes - Title graph - Scale axes appropriately - Each bar should correspond to the appropriate count - Leave room between bars6
7529817905Pie Chart- Include all the categories that make up the whole - Counts will be percentages7
7529817906Marginal DistributionOf one of the categorical variables in a two-way table of counts is the distribution of values of that variable among all individuals described by the table8
7529817907Conditional DistributionDescribes the values of that variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable9
7529817908ShapeSymmetric, skewed10
7529817910Mean- Most common measure of center - Arithmetic average11
7529817911Median- Midpoint of a distribution12
7529817912SpreadRange, IQR13
7529817913IQRThe middle 50%, Q3-Q114
7529817914IQR EquationQ3 - Q115
7529817915Outlier Equation (1.5X1QR Rule)Less than Q1 - 1.5IQR Higher than Q3 + 1.5IQR16
7529817916Dotplot- Only need to properly label horizontal axis - Title - Each dot represents a count of 1 - Works well with a small data set17
7529817917Stemplot- Separate each piece of data into a "stem" and a "lead" - Write the stems vertically in increasing order from top to bottom - Write the leaves in increasing order out from the stem - Be very neat and leave the same amount of space between leaves - Title the graph - Include a key identifying what the stem and leaves represent - Works well with a small data set18
7529817918Histogram- Most common graph of a quantitative variable - The x-axis is continuous, no gaps between bars - Title the graph - Divide the range of data into classes of equal width - Label and scale the axes19
7529817919Five-Number SummaryMinimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum20
7529817920Boxplot- Drawn from Q1 to Q3 - Line in the middle marks the median - Lines extend from the box to the smallest and largest observations that aren't outliers21
7529817921Standard Deviation- Find the distance of each observation from the mean - Square each of these distances - Average the distances by dividing their sum by n-1 - Take the square roon22
7529817923When describing the overall pattern of a distribution, you must address...- Center - Shape - Spread - Outliers23
7529817929Symmetric24
7529817930Skewed Right25
7529817931Skewed Left26
7529817933Segmented Bar Graph27
7529817934Two-Way Table28
7529817935Back-to-Back Stemplot29
7529817937Is the mean sensitive to outliers?The mean is sensitive to outliers, not resistant30
7529817938If a distribution is skewed, use this measure of centerMedian31
7529817939Is the median sensitive to outliers?The median is not sensitive to outliers, is resistant32
7529817940If a distribution is exactly symmetric, the median and mean will beExactly the same33
7529817941If the distribution is skewed left, the mean willFall to the left34
7529817942If the distribution is skewed right, the mean willFall to the right35
7529851057unimodalone peak36
7529851803bimodaltwo peaks37
7529852738split-stem plotstem plot where stem is further divided ex. 0-4 and 5-938
7529856738Outliersextreme values39
7529858364Centermean or median of distribution40
7529860235Rangemax-min (single value)41
7529869575parallel boxplotsused to compare boxplots42
7529871274variancespread, range, variability43
7529872104quartileseach of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.44
7529873129Associationcorrelation between two variables45
7529874568side-by-side bar graph46
7529879211OgiveA cumulative frequency graph47
7529880564percentilesmeasure indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall48
7529882073distributionSOCS49

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