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| 9391419393 | Significance Test | A formal procedure for using observed data to decide between two competing claimes | 0 | |
| 9391419394 | Null Hypothesis | Claim we weigh evidence against in a significance test | 1 | |
| 9391419395 | Alternative Hypthesis | The claim that we are trying to find evidence for in a significance test | 2 | |
| 9391419396 | One-Sided | It states that a parameter is larger than the null hypothesis value or states that the parameter is smaller than the null value | 3 | |
| 9391419397 | Two-Sided | It states that the parameter is different from the null hypothesis value (it could be either larger or smaller) | 4 | |
| 9391419398 | P-Values | The probability, computed assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the statistic would take a value as extreme as or more extreme than the one actually observed, in the direction specified by the alternative hypothesis | 5 | |
| 9391419399 | Reject the Null Hypothesis | If the observed result is too unlikely to occur just by chance when the null hypothesis is true, we can ____________________________________________ and say that there is convincing evidence for the alternative hypothesis | 6 | |
| 9391419400 | Fail to Reject Null Hypothesis | If the observed result is not very unlikely to occur when the null hypothesis is true, we should _______________________________________________ and say that we do not have convincing evidence for the alternative hypothesis | 7 | |
| 9391419401 | Statistically Significant at the Level (alpha) | If the p-value is smaller than alpha, we say that the results of a study are _____________________________________ | 8 | |
| 9391419402 | Type I Error | If we reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true | 9 | |
| 9391419403 | Alpha | P(Type 1 Error) | 10 | |
| 9391419404 | Type II Error | If we fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true | 11 | |
| 9391419405 | Beta | P(Type 2 Error) | 12 | |
| 9391419406 | Test Statistic | Measures how far a sample statistic diverges from what we would expect if the null hypothesis were true, in standardized units. | 13 | |
| 9391419407 | Z-Score for the Statistic | The "test statistic" is the same thing as the ____________________________ | 14 | |
| 9391419408 | Significance Test - four step process | STATE: what hypotheses do you want to test, and at what significance level? PLAN: Name test. Check conditions. DO: if the conditions are met, perform calculations -compute the test statistic -find the p-value CONCLUDE: make a decision about the hypotheses in the context of the problem | 15 | |
| 9391419409 | Conditions for a One-Sample Z-Test and One-Sample T-Test | Random, Normal, Independent | 16 | |
| 9391419410 | One-sample z test for a proportion | Use this test to test a claim regarding a single proportion
If the conditions are met. To test the hypothesis null hypothesis:P=Po, compute the z statistic (see image for formula)
Find the p-value by calculating the probability of getting a z statistic this large or larger in the direction specified by the alternative hypothesis Ha:
Ha:p>p0
Ha:p 17 | | |
| 9391419411 | Power | The _________________ of a test against a specific alternative is the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis at a chosen significance level alpha when the specified alternative value of the parameter is true. We made the correct decision. | 18 | |
| 9391419412 | Formula for the Power of the Test | 1 - beta | 19 | |
| 9391419413 | One-sample t test | Use this test to test a claim regarding a single mean (WHEN THE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE POP IS UNKNOWN) | 20 | |
| 9391419414 | Paired Data | Study designs that involve making two observations on the same individual or one observation on each of two VERY similar individuals result in ... | 21 | |
| 9391419415 | Paired t procedures | When paired data result from measuring the same quantitative variable twice, we can make comparisons by analyzing the differences in each pair. If the conditions for inference are met, we can use one-sample t procedures to perform inference about the mean difference mean(d). These methods are called __________________________________ | 22 |
