Terms : Hide Images
| 4880611178 | categorical data | Data are categorical if they are in the form of names or labels, rather than numbers. | 0 | |
| 4880613375 | continuous data | Measured data that can be whole numbers, fractions, or decimals of any length. Continuous data are always numeric. | 1 | |
| 4880613376 | data | The plural form of the word datum. A collection of pieces of information. | 2 | |
| 4880613377 | data collection | Gathering information for selected population members through telephone surveys, written questionnaires, or other methods. | 3 | |
| 4880613378 | data organization and analysis | Statistical techniques that allow us to describe characteristics of a data set. Examples include calculating statistics (such as a mean) and making graphs and charts that show the shape of a data distribution. | 4 | |
| 4880615217 | descriptive statistics | The process of describing the characteristics of a group (a sample) for which we have data | 5 | |
| 4880615218 | discrete data | Counted or tallied data, which can only be whole numbers or names. Discrete data can be numeric or categorical. | 6 | |
| 4880616463 | inferential statistics | The process of comparing, testing assertions, or predicting something about a population, given what we know about a sample from that population. | 7 | |
| 4880617107 | probability- based inference | Statistical techniques that allow us to draw objective conclusions based on probability theories about populations from which we have sampled. | 8 | |
| 4880699798 | History of Statistics | 3 subjects come together to create this Field of Mathmatics -staatenkunde: collecting information from different countries. -political arithmetic: creating tables of dates and births -calculus of probability: mathematical theorms and techniques to solve problems of uncertainty. | 9 | |
| 4880748184 | The Phases of a Statictical Study | 1.) Data Gathering 2.) Data Organization and Analysis 3.) Probability - based Inference | 10 | |
| 4880764874 | Exponential | Increasing at an increasing rate | 11 | |
| 4880769151 | Exploratory Data Analysis | When a study proceeds without trying to answer any particular question | 12 | |
| 4880775137 | Probability | Mathematical rules about chance that tell us how likely or unlikely something is | 13 | |
| 4880799935 | Measured vs. Counted Data | Measured: gathered by measuring (continuous data; height, weight, length) counted: gathered by counting (anything that can be counted; people, animals, buildings) | 14 | |
| 4880866786 | Bar Graph | A bar graph displays the values associated with each level of the independent variable |  | 15 |
| 4880870728 | Class | A range into which numerical data can be grouped |  | 16 |
| 4880870729 | Class Boundaries | The maximum and minimum values within each class in a histogram or frequency table. | 17 | |
| 4880872020 | Class Interval | The distance between two successive class minimums in a histogram or frequency table | 18 | |
| 4880873134 | Class Limits | The upper and lower boundaries of a class. | 19 | |
| 4880873135 | Class Width | The distance between the maximum and minimum values of a given class in a histogram or frequency table. | 20 | |
| 4880874396 | Cumulative Frequency | The sum of a series of frequencies in a data set, in which the frequency from one class is added to the sum of the frequencies of all the classes below it. | 21 | |
| 4880874397 | Cumulative Frequency Graph | A line graph that shows cumulative frequencies on the vertical axis and data values (divided into classes) on the horizontal axis. |  | 22 |
| 4880876365 | Cumulative Relative Frequency Graph | A line graph that shows cumulative relative frequencies on the vertical axis and data values (divided into classes) on the horizontal axis. | 23 | |
| 4880876366 | DIstribution | The pattern of variation in a numeric or categorical variable. | 24 | |
| 4880876374 | Dot Plot | A dot plot displays the number of observations with a particular value; each observation is shown as a dot. |  | 25 |
| 4880877494 | Frequency | The number of observations within a range of data. | 26 | |
| 4880877495 | Frequency Plot | plot (or graph) that shows frequencies. |  | 27 |
| 4880878451 | Frequency Table | A table that shows the number of observations in each of the classes, categories, or levels of a variable. | 28 | |
| 4880878452 | Gap | A class with a frequency of zero, or no obersvations. | 29 | |
| 4880878453 | Histogram | A frequency plot that shows the number of observations within each class. |  | 30 |
| 4880880498 | Level ( of a catergorical variable) | The value, or label, taken on by a categorical variable | 31 | |
| 4880880499 | Line Graph | A line graph is similar to a histogram and a bar chart, except that the values are shown as points and a line connects the points |  | 32 |
| 4880881608 | Midpoint (in a histogram) | The middle number of each class. The mean of the class maximum and minimum. On a histogram, the midpoints lie at the center of the bottom of each bar. | 33 | |
| 4880881609 | Numerical Data | Data that appear as numbers that can be manipulated mathematically. | 34 | |
| 4880883432 | Numerical Variable | A variable containing numerical data. | 35 | |
| 4880883433 | Observation | A single person, thing, or unit in a data set. | 36 | |
| 4880884867 | Pie Chart | they show the amounts or the number of observations in each level of a given categorical variable |  | 37 |
| 4880886408 | Relative Frequency | The number of observations within a given class or category, divided by the total number of observations. | 38 | |
| 4880887676 | Relative Frequency Histogram | A histogram in which each bar shows relative frequency. A relative frequency histogram will show the same pattern (the bars will look the same) as a frequency histogram for the same data; only the vertical axis will be different. In a relative frequency histogram, the size of the bars is expressed in decimal values or percentages that represent the proportion of observations for a given class, category, or level of a variable. | 39 | |
| 4880888399 | Stem-and-Leaf Plot | A plot that allows you to display the shape of a distribution of a numerical variable while including the actual values in the graph |  | 40 |
| 4880888400 | Value | A number or label taken on by a variable. | 41 | |
| 4880891543 | Variable | A varying characteristic being studied. | 42 | |
| 5018158812 | Box-and-whisker plot | A plot showing the center and spread of a data set on a number line. A box is drawn around the middle 50% of the data (ranging from the lower quartile to the upper quartile), and a vertical line is drawn at the median. In a regular (unmodified) box-and-whisker plot, whiskers (horizontal lines) extend from the box to the minimum and maximum numbers. |  | 43 |
| 5018169103 | Five-Number summary | A summary of a variable from a data set, given as a series of five numbers: 1. The minimum, or the smallest observation in the data set. 2. The lower quartile (Q1), which is the median of the lower half of the data set, or the number above 25% of the observations. 3. The median (Q2). 4. The upper quartile (Q3), which is the median of the upper half of the data set, or the number above 75% of the observations. 5. The maximum, or the greatest observation in the data set. | 44 | |
| 5018173662 | Interquartile Range (IQR) | The range between the upper and lower quartiles; Q3 - Q1. This range contains the middle 50% of the observations in the data set. | 45 | |
| 5018175984 | Lower quartile (Q1) | The number that is greater than or equal to 25% of the observations in a numeric data set. (25% is an approximation if the number of observations is not divisible by 4; the definition is based on a theoretical distribution with an infinite number of observations.) This term usually refers to only one number, but sometimes statisticians refer to the lower quartile as the lower 25% of a data set. The lower quartile can also be described as the median of the lower 50% of a sorted list of numbers. | 46 | |
| 5018179325 | Outlier | An individual observation falling well outside the overall pattern of the data. For data described with a median-based five-number summary, an outlier is defined as an observation that is more than 1.5 IQRs below Q1 or above Q3. | 47 | |
| 5018179326 | skew | A characteristic of the shape of a distribution in which a larger proportion of the observations have values at either the upper or lower end of the distribution, and a smaller percentage of observations have values that extend toward the opposite end of the distribution. | 48 | |
| 5018179373 | upper quartile (Q3) | The number that is above or equal to 75% of the observations in a numeric data set. | 49 |
