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| 14080650895 | 5 number summary | The minumum value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and maximum value for a data set. These five values give a summary of the shape of the distribution and are used to make box plots. The five numbers that help describe the center, spread and shape of data |  | 0 |
| 14080650896 | z score | a measure of how many standard deviations you are away from the norm (average or mean) -Number of standard deviations a score is above or below the mean (positive above, negative below |  | 1 |
| 14080650897 | standard deviation | A statistical measure of how far away each value is, on average, from the mean. A measure of spread. Specifically, the typical distance the data points are from the mean. |  | 2 |
| 14080650898 | population | (statistics) the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn What the sample in an experiment or study usually reperesents | 3 | |
| 14080650899 | categorical data | Data that can be placed into categories . For example "gender" is a categorical data and the categories are "male" and "female". of like items |  | 4 |
| 14080650900 | quantitative data | Data associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association. numerical information describing how much, how little, how big, how tall, how fast, etc. age is quantitative |  | 5 |
| 14080650902 | parameter | (n) a determining or characteristic element; a factor that shapes the total outcome; a limit, boundary a characteristic or constant factor something that determines the limits of certain data values |  | 6 |
| 14080650903 | sample | A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen in a survey so as to be representative of the whole. a small part of a population that represents the whole A survey in star city representing the entire state of arkansas |  | 7 |
| 14080650904 | random | Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups. Assigning subjects to expenrimental groups based on chance. pulling names or numbers out of a hat |  | 8 |
| 14080650905 | bias | Any systematic failure of a sampling method to represent its population Any way that tampers with the accuracy of the sample | 9 | |
| 14080650910 | independent | (statistics) a variable whose values are independent of changes in the values of other variables | 10 | |
| 14080650911 | histogram | graphical representation of a frequency distribution using vertical bars but bars touch each other to indicate variables are related | 11 | |
| 14080650912 | box plot | A dsiplay that shows the distribution of values in a data set seperated into four equal-sized groups. A box plot is constructed from the five number summary of the data. |  | 12 |
| 14080650913 | scatterplot | A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables. The amount of scatter suggests the strength of the correlation (little scatter indicates high correlation). |  | 13 |
| 14080650914 | correlation | A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. The correlation coefficient is the mathematical expression of the relationship, ranging from -1 to +1 |  | 14 |
| 14080650915 | skewness | The extent to which cases are clustered more at one or the other end of the distribution of a quantitative variable rather than in a symmetric pattern around its center |  | 15 |
| 14080650916 | varience | commons measure of spread about the mean as center | 16 | |
| 14080650917 | statistical significance | A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance/The condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low |  | 17 |
| 14080650918 | P-value | A measure of statistical significance. The lower, the more likely the results of an experiment did not occur simply by chance. |  | 18 |
| 14080650919 | empirical rule | The rules gives the approximate % of observations w/in 1 standard deviation (68%), 2 standard deviations (95%) and 3 standard deviations (99.7%) of the mean when the histogram is well approx. by a normal curve |  | 19 |
| 14080650921 | null hypothesis | Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis |  | 20 |
| 14080650922 | alternate hypothesis | , is the hypothesis to be considered as an alternative to the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis will be rejected in favor of the Ha only if the sample data strongly indicate that the null hypothesis is false. |  | 21 |
| 14080650923 | probability | A number with a value from 0 to 1 that describes the likelihood that an event will occur. example, if a bag contains a red marble, a white marble and a blue marble then the probability of selecting a red marble is 1/3. |  | 22 |
| 14080650924 | descriptive statistics | Mathematical procedures for organizing collections of data, such as determining the mean, the median, the range, the variance, and the correlation coefficient | 23 | |
| 14080650925 | mean | A measure of center in a set of numerical data, computed by adding the values in a list and then dividing by the number of values in the list. | 24 | |
| 14080650926 | median | A measure of center in a set of numerical data. The median of a list of values is the value appearing at the center of a sorted version of the list - or the mean of the two central values if the list contains an even number of values. | 25 | |
| 14080650927 | mode | Measure of central tendency that uses most frequently occurring score. |  | 26 |
| 14080650928 | range | Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data. | 27 | |
| 14080650930 | Q1 | A location measure of the data such that has one fourth or 25% of the data is smaller than it. Found by dividing the ordered data set in half (excluding the middle observation if n is odd) and finding the median of the lower half of the data. | 28 | |
| 14080650931 | Q3 | A location to measeure when counting data to such as the median where instead of counting 50% it is 75% from the beginning of the sorted data | 29 | |
| 14080650932 | minimum | (n.) the smallest possible amount; (adj.) the lowest permissible or possible | 30 | |
| 14080650933 | outlier | A value greater or less than 1.5 times the Inter-Quartile Range (IQR) beyond the first or third quartiles. |  | 31 |
| 14080650934 | margin of error | In statistical research, the range of outcomes we expect for a population, given the data revealed by a sample drawn from that population |  | 32 |
| 14080650935 | simple random sample | A sample selected in such a way that every element in the population or sampling frame has an equal probability of being chosen. Equivalently, all samples of size n have an equal chance of being selected. |  | 33 |
| 14080650936 | sampling distribution | Distribution of sample proportions from sample to sample. A sampling distribution of a sample statistic for a fixed sample size n is the distribution of that statistic derived from every possible sample of size n for a given population. A distribution of statistics obtained by selecting all the possible samples of a specific size from a population | 34 | |
| 14080650937 | stratified random sample | A method of sampling that involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. a sampling design in which the population is divided into several groups, and random samples are then drawn from each stratum |  | 35 |
| 14080650938 | systematic sample | A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame A sample drawn by selecting individuals systematically from a sampling frame. When there is no relationship between the order of the sampling frame and the variables of interest, a systematic sample can be representative. |  | 36 |
| 14080650939 | cluster sample | Is obtained by selecting all individuals within a randomly selected collection or group of individuals. | 37 | |
| 14080650940 | 10% rule | a sample has to be lass than 10% of the whole population | 38 | |
| 14080650941 | Interpolation | The estimation of an unknown number between known numbers. Interpolation is a way of approximating price or yield using bond tables that do not give the net yield on every amount invested at every rate of interest and for every maturity. | 39 | |
| 14080650942 | Qualitative | Data in the form of recorded descriptions rather than numerical measurements. | 40 | |
| 14080650949 | least squares regression line | the line with the smallest sum of squared residuals |  | 41 |
| 14080650950 | type I error | An error that occurs when a researcher concludes that the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable, when no such relation exists; a "false positive", sending an innocent person to jail, rejecting the null when in fact it is true. |  | 42 |
| 14080650951 | type II error | An error that occurs when a researcher concludes that the independent variable had no effect on the dependent variable, when in truth it did; a "false negative", letting a guilty man go free, failing to reject the null when it is false. | | 43 |
| 14080650953 | matched pairs | an observational technique that involves matching each participant in the experimental group with a specific participant in the control group in order to eliminate the possibility that a third variable (and not the independent variable) caused changes in the dependent variable |  | 44 |
| 14080650954 | conditional prabability | probability given that something else has already occurred | 45 | |
| 14080650959 | binomial experiment | an experiment in which there are exactly two possible outcomes for each trial, a fixed number of independent trials, and the probabilities for each trial are the same |  | 46 |
| 14080650964 | extrapolation | calculation of the value of a function outside the range of known values | 47 | |
| 14080650965 | IQR | Difference between upper and lower quartile of a boxplot | 48 | |
| 14080650966 | Confidence interval | A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable. | 49 | |
| 14080650967 | Standard Error | A statistic providing an estimate of the possible magnitude to error. |  | 50 |
| 14080650968 | Residual | distance an estimate is from the actual/observed value. residual = observed - expected | 51 | |
| 14080650969 | Convenience sample | Whenever a sample is taken it gives an improper results because the sample was taken from a very convenient area instead of representing a population | 52 | |
| 14080650971 | degrees of freedom | Statistically written as 'n-1' where n represents the number of subjects. | 53 | |
| 14080650978 | standardized test statistic | z score or t score which makes values comparable among multiple data sets | 54 | |
| 14080650979 | mutually exclusive | cannot happen together | 55 | |
| 14080650982 | z test | used for normal distributions to determine if a result is significantly significant, if the observed results are likely not to be from chance. | 56 | |
| 14080650983 | t test | Is often used to test if results are significant with very small samples. | 57 | |
| 14080650984 | chi squared goodness of fit | tests how close the observed data is to a claimed or expected distribution. |  | 58 |
| 14080650985 | frequency table | A grouping of qualitative data into mutually exclusive classes showing the number of observations in each class. |  | 59 |
| 14080650986 | stem and leaf display | A multiple column table depicting the individual digits of the data. Includes a key. |  | 60 |
| 14080650989 | symmetric | When in a normal distribution both sides are identical |  | 61 |
| 14080650991 | r^2 (coefficient of determination) | overall measure of how successful the regression is in linearly relating to y and x | 62 | |
| 14080650993 | census | When a survey has no sample but instead test or surveys the entire population | 63 | |
| 14080650997 | observational study | A study based on data in which no manipulation of factors has been employed. | 64 | |
| 14080651004 | Maximum | The largest value in a set of data. | 65 |
