Terms : Hide Images
| 5831596997 | population | the entire group of individuals we want information about | 0 | |
| 5831598243 | sample | a subset of individuals in the population from which we actually collect data | 1 | |
| 5831601857 | convenience sample | A sample which consists of members of a population that are easily accessed. | 2 | |
| 5831603879 | bias | when a design of a statistical study consistently underestimates or consistently overestimates the value you want to know | 3 | |
| 5831612779 | voluntary response sample | sample that consists of people who choose themselves by responding to a general invitation | 4 | |
| 5831615974 | random sampling | involves using a chance process to determine which members of a population are included in the sample | 5 | |
| 5831624791 | simple random sampling (SRS) | a sample completed in a way that every sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected | 6 | |
| 5831637676 | stratified random sample | start by classifying the population into groups of similar individuals, then choose a separate SRS in each group, finally combine these SRSs to form the sample | 7 | |
| 5831643025 | strata | a group of similar individuals | 8 | |
| 5831643591 | cluster sample | start by classifying the population into groups of individuals that are located near each other, then choose an SRS of these groups, all individuals in the chosen groups are included in the sample | 9 | |
| 5831648311 | cluster | group of individuals that are located near each other | 10 | |
| 5831649845 | inference | the process of drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of sample data | 11 | |
| 5831653685 | undercoverage | occurs when some members of the population cannot be chosen in a sample, for example a survey of households will miss homeless people, prison inmates, and students living in dorms | 12 | |
| 5831660861 | nonresponse | occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can't be contacted or refuses to participate; for example a survey of households will miss people screening calls in an effort to not be bothered | 13 | |
| 5831688360 | response bias | incorrect answers by respondents can lead to this type of bias | 14 | |
| 5831689971 | wording of questions bias | the written way a sample survey is given that influences the answers of individuals | 15 | |
| 5831704271 | observational study | observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses | 16 | |
| 5831707574 | experiment | deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals to measure their responses | 17 | |
| 5831712407 | confounding | occurs when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other | 18 | |
| 5831715240 | treatment | a specific condition applied to the individuals in an experiment | 19 | |
| 5831716817 | experimental units | the smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied, when the units are humans, they are called subjects | 20 | |
| 5831722083 | random assignment | in an experiment, the experimental units are assigned to treatments using a chance process | 21 | |
| 5831724222 | completely randomized design | a experimental design where the experimental units are assigned to the treatments completely by chance | 22 | |
| 5831727372 | double-blind experiment | neither the subjects nor those who interact with them and measure the response variable know which treatment a subject received | 23 | |
| 5831729264 | statistically significant | an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance | 24 | |
| 5831734165 | blocking | a group of experimental units that are known before the experiment to be similar in some way that is expected to affect the response to the treatments | 25 | |
| 5831738588 | randomized block design | an experimental design where the random assignment of experimental units to treatments is carried out separately within each block | 26 | |
| 5831744096 | matched pairs design | common type of randomized block design for comparing two treatments by matching pairs of similar experimental units | 27 | |
| 5831750388 | Control | keeps as many other variables as possible the same for all groups, helps avoid confounding, reduces the variation in responses | 28 | |
| 5831752838 | placebo | also known as a "fake" treatment | 29 | |
| 5831756860 | inference about the population | if individuals are randomly assigned to groups we can make this inference | 30 | |
| 5831758851 | inference about cause and effect | if individuals are randomly selected we can make this inference | 31 |
