Terms : Hide Images
| 195905917 | patriarchal | extended family was most important to Shang dynasty=lived in same house; led by eldest male in patriarchal | 0 | |
| 195905918 | gupta dynasty | 320-550 CE; after Ashoka died Mauryans fall; Chandra Gupta revives them= Gupta Dynasty; known as golden age even though smaller b/c peace in India and advanced in math and science; concepts of pi and zero; come up with decimal system using 1-9 which eventually become Arabic numerals when Arabs mixed with India | 1 | |
| 195905919 | bureaucracies | complex kingdoms organized gov't tasks by bureau (department); allows different bureaus to be specialized and stable; remained popular in China for thousands of years | 2 | |
| 195905920 | han dynasty | around 200 BCE- around 200 CE; Huns (northern Asia) invade from China to Eastern Europe; trade flourishes along Silk Road and buddhism spread; Confucius' teaching; government officials have to be worthy and take a several day test; invented paper, accurate sundials, and calendars; increased use of metal; created civil service exams | 3 | |
| 195905921 | paterfamilias | social structure of Roman families; eldest male | 4 | |
| 195905922 | mahayana buddhism | after Buddha died in 483 BCE Buddhism split into two parts; "The Greater Vehicle"; more complicated form b/c greater ritual than Buddha said; appealed to people who didn't think there were enough forms of salvation so thought through other ways; Buddha becomes godlike | 5 | |
| 203958194 | Abbasid Dynasty | 750-1258; Mongols defeated them in 1258; early- mid 800s= golden age b/c arts and science flourished; capital=Baghdad= 1 of the greatest culture centers; built around trade; merchants introduced credit=can get rid of coin; also itemized bills and receipts; steel used for swords; Mohammad al-Razi made massive med. Encyclopedia; expanded Algebra; once they knew how to make paper, built libraries and universities filled w/ books; monopolized all trade routes | 6 | |
| 203958195 | sufis | Islamic mystics= most effective missionaries; incredible emphasis on personal relationship w/ Allah; b/c of this many converted to Islam | 7 | |
| 195905923 | t'ang and song dynasties | T'ang- 618-907; Emperor Xuanzong; by 907 becomes too large with too many power hungry rulers so collapses; poetry-tells about daily life; power was based on military posts along trade routes and capital(Chang'an); Chang'an=center of tribute system(send ambassadors with gifts for emperor); Wu Zhao=1st and only Empress of China Song- 960-1279; Emperor Taizu; printing presses; foot binding Both- accomplished in every aspect; stable at height b/c bureaucratic system; refined civil service exams; canals; paper money and letters of credit; increased trade and cultural diffusion; Neo-Confucianism | 8 | |
| 195905924 | civil service in china | civil service exam; position earned (meritocracy) instead of inherited (aristocracy) | 9 | |
| 195905925 | foot binding | Song dynasty; womens feet bound after birth to keep small; large feet=ugly and masculine; painful, crippling | 10 | |
| 195905926 | fuedal japan | emperor=figure head; real power=shogun; then daimyo=local ruling lords=powerful samurai(knights); then weaker samurai; then vassals; samurai must follow Code of Bushido=strict code of how to behave or commit suicide; women are weak and live hard lives | 11 | |
| 195905927 | delhi sultanate | Islams set up kingdom in Delhi under the sultan(their leader); sultans tried to convert Hindus; all non-Muslims had to pay tax | 12 | |
| 195905928 | mongol empire | awesome horsemen and archers, but couldn't be unified; early 1200s Genghis Khan unified them; he led invasion of China in 1234; empire split into hordes; Golden Horde conquers modern day Russia; Kublai Khan ruled in China; ruthless warriors until settled empires..becomes peaceful aka Pax Mongolica; illiterate nomads; 1st pony express and postal system; gave tax breaks to teachers and clerics; practiced own religions; invaded India under Timur Lang(Tamerlane) | 13 | |
| 195905929 | postclassical trade networks | spreads culture, literature, art, plague; Mediterranean, Hanseatic League, Silk Road, land routes of Mongols, China and Japan, India and Persia, Trans-Saharan | 14 | |
| 195905930 | protestant reformation | religious revolution; Europeans question the Church b/c of Martin Luther, John Calvin; Luther translated bible into German allowing Germans to form own connection with God..his followers=Lutherans; Calvin said God predetermined where everyone was going..most going to Hell(Elect=few who are saved); Calvinism is based off this; allows new revolutions in education, politics and science | 15 | |
| 195905931 | scientific revolution | Nicolaus Copernicus said everything rotated around the sun and Earth spins on axis daily; Galileo said the Earth was not at the center of the universe; helped form scientific method- Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo, Tycho Brahe(observatory), Francis Bacon(inductive logic); Johannes Kepler(laws of planetary motion), Sir Issac Newton(calculus to help prove theories of all these men); formed deism(powerful god who made universe but didn't play parts in people's lives); also weakened faith in Church | 16 | |
| 195905932 | enlightenment | age of reason; Thomas Hobbes(Leviathan, said all men are naturally greedy, gov't is suppose to be hard on all people); John Locke(Two Treatises on Government, said mankind was generally good, gov't needs to protect rights of all men{life, liberty, and property}) Jean-Jacques Rousseau said gov't should be organized according to majority rules and people are free(inspired anti-slavery); Enlightenment writers- Voltaire(religious tolerance), Montesquieu(separation of powers in government); saw that the government needs to listen to the people; Englightened Monarchs(Joseph II of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia) lived by tolerance, justice and improving people's lives | 17 | |
| 195905933 | columbian exchange | trade between Europe/Africa and the Americas; America got.. horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, and sugar cane; Europe/Africa got..squash, beans, corn, potatoes, and cacao; Both got.. disease, weapons, ideas, and people; biggest products are sugar and silver | 18 | |
| 195905934 | merchantilism | country always wanted to trade; never imported more than it exported to balance; wanted colonies-they gave mother country raw resources and made money on exports; placed tariffs on goods; made colonies mad..had to pay lots | 19 | |
| 195905935 | louis XIV | ruled from 1643-1715; b/c one of greatest kings; absolute monarchy; aka "Sun King"/"The Most Christian King"; patronized the arts; ruled under divine right saying "The State is me"; built palace of Versailles; never used the Estates-General(law-making body); got rid of Edict of Nantes; appointed Jean Baptiste Colbert to manage royal funds; wanted to increase France's size and money=wars | 20 | |
| 195905936 | peter the great | ruled from 1682-1725; felt need to westernize Russia; built their first navy; founded St. Petersburg("window to the west") as new capital on Baltic Sea | 21 | |
| 195905937 | ottoman empire | 1450ish-1922; when Mongols fell Ottoman rose; founded by Osman Bey in Anatolia(east parts of Turkey); Ottoman=Turks; in 1453 invaded Constantinople and ended Byzantine; Constantinople is renamed Istanbul and becomes capital; converted Hagia Sophia into a mosque; conquered most of Roman territory except from Italy and west; turned kids of Christian subjects into Janissaries(fighting warriors); most expansion during Selim I(1512-1520); Suleiman I aka Suleiman the Magnificant rose; built up military and the arts; b/c of this his reign is golden age; only expands to Vienna; traded with India, China, and their American colonies; chief rivals=Safavids | 22 | |
| 195905938 | akbar | ruled from 1556-1605; Babur's (invaded n.India and defeats Delhi Sultanate and forms Mughal Empire) grandson; unified India b/c of religious tolerance; got rid of jizya(head tax on Hindus); tried to eliminate sati(when women throw themselves into their dead husbands' funeral fires; golden age of art, architecture, and thought; Muslims and Hindus lived side by side; let Hindus into government positions and married a Hindu | 23 | |
| 195905939 | zeng he | Chinese navigator; led fleets through southeast Asia, Indian Ocean, and East Africa | 24 | |
| 195905940 | tokugawa shogunate | est. by Tokugawa Ieyasu; strict government that ruled until 1868 in Japan; pushed more power away from the emperor; Ieyasu said he owned all land in Japan; introduced rigid social classes(inspired by Confucianism, but more like caste system); 4 classes-warrior, farmer, artisan, and merchant; unable to move up/down in class; capital moved to Edo; aka Edo period; Christians are persecuted in 20 years; Japanese cannot leave and no one can come in b/c of National Seclusion Policy; Japan is cut off from everyone for about 200 yrs; b/c no foreign influences culture grew; Kabuki theatre and haiku(poetry) became popular | 25 | |
| 195905941 | industrial revolution | began in Britain during mid 18th century; spread through much of Europe; half of population had to leave farms and go into the cities; cities developed where coal, iron, water, and railroads were accessible; 1733-John Kay invented flying shuttle(speeds up weaving process); 1764- John Hargreaves invented spinning jenny(can spin lots of thread); Richard Arkwright and Edward Cartright added waterpower; Eli Whitney invented cotton gin(huge amounts of cotton can be processed faster); steam engine was invented by many people..in early 1700s Thomas Newcomer(inefficient), in 1769 James Watt(dramatically improved); 1807 Robert Fulton built 1st steamship; 1820s George Stephenson built 1st steam-powered train | 26 | |
| 195905942 | capitalism | aka a free market system; individuals and consumers trade what they find a reasonable price; little help from the government | 27 | |
| 195905943 | karl marx | German economist and philosopher; spent most adult life as a poor man; said workers were missing out on opportunities b/c of capitalism; wrote The Communist Manifesto(1848) w/ Friedrich Engels saying the working class would revolt | 28 | |
| 195905944 | british east india company | joint-stock company; operates as a multinational corp. w/ rights over British trade w/ India; led in India by Robert Clive; Clive raised an army that got France out of Indian subcontinent; conquered Bengal region; weakened Mughals; Ceylon is captured by Britain in 1798; Punjab fell to them in early 1800s; relied on Sepoys(Indian soldiers) | 29 | |
| 195905945 | opium wars | 1839-1842; 1773 British show China opium; 1838 drugs are too out of control so Manchu Emperor bans it; China kidnaps Britain's opium starting 1st war; China is forced to sign Treaty of Nanjing aka 1st "unequal treaties"; 2nd war fought b/c China resists to expand trade of opium w/ Britain; b/c of wars China becomes known as an easy target | 30 | |
| 195905946 | mejii restoration | Japan was trying to expand to the west after being locked in; building railways and steamships by 1870s; samurai class is gone by 1876; universal military with all men is established; military is strong..gaining land; went through Industrial Revolution; becomes imperial power; defeats China | 31 | |
| 195905947 | suez canal | Abbas I worked w/ French; completed in 1869; connected Med. Sea to Indian O.; no need to go around Cape of Good Hope; becomes most important to Britain b/c of colony in India; Egypt needs money so sell stocks in canal; British bought that stock; by 1882 Britain controlled Suez Canal not Egypt | 32 | |
| 195905948 | national assembly | in France; on June 17, 1789 Third Estate declares themselves National Assembly; king forced other two estates to join them and write new constitution; peasants attacked on July 14, 1789; in August they had Declaration of the Rights of Man(document of natural rights); got rid of feudal system; got rid of monopoly of the Church b/c of freedom of religion; b/c of National Assembly France is 1st modern day country; 1791 they have new constitution(like U.S. except with monarchy) | 33 | |
| 195905949 | reign of terror | period of time when Committee of Public Safety existed; led by Maximilien Robespierre and Jacobins; watch group that murdered anyone not loyal; after 2 years France had enough of Robespierre and caught off its head; in 1795 they had new constitution and five men running the government(Directory) | 34 | |
| 195905950 | napoleon bonaparte | a star military leader; general by age 24; one of the Directory; overthrew Directory and named himself 1st consul under new constitution in 1799; Napoleonic Codes in 1804(equality of men in France and based on Roman law); conquered Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, and parts of Italy; changed HRE into German states; crowned himself emperor in 1804(thought of himself as new Charlemagne; tried to attack Russia, didn't work had to go back to France with nowhere to stay and were attacked; forced into exile; tried to regain power; his enemies defeated him at Waterloo in 1813 and he later died there | 35 | |
| 195905951 | simon bolivar | Venezuela appointed their own leader..Simon Bolivar; 1811 established national congress(declared independence from Spain); royalists started civil war; next decade he freed area known as Gran Colombia; wanted huge land like United States but individual states formed own government | 36 | |
| 195905952 | emancipation edict | issued by Alexander II; banished serfdom; didn't help anything; peasants had little land but had to pay a lot so couldn't really improve their land | 37 | |
| 195905953 | treaty of versailles | signed in 1919; official end to WW1; France and Britain wanted Germany to suffer; Germany had to pay war damage, give back its territory, and make a smaller military; divided Austria-Hungary into separate nations; created nations like Czechoslovakia; got rid of president Wilson's 14 Points; weakened Germany's economy and made them hate other countries | 38 | |
| 195905954 | bolsheviks | local councils(soviets{workers, peasants, soldiers}) behind the socialist party; Vladimir Lenin(Marxist leader of party) issued April Theses which said peace, land for peasants, and power to soviets; took over government in 6 months(1918); signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk which gave big piece of w. Russia to Germany(reason Russia dropped out of WW1); revolts broke out in what would be known as Soviet Union; Bolsheviks made Red Army led by Leon Trotsky; becomes very strong army | 39 | |
| 195905955 | joseph stalin | leader of Communist Party; got rid of NEP(New Economic Party); made Five Year Plans(took over private farms and turned them into land own by the state aka collectivization); also needed large factories; said it was communism but more like totalitarianism; people got no power or money from this; industrialized USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) aka Soviet Union; also improved economic conditions for country; relied on secret police, fake trials, and killings; peaked from 1936-1938 aka "Great Purge"; formed labor camps for anyone against him; millions killed under Stalin | 40 | |
| 195905956 | fascism | didn't care about opinion of the people; but didn't get rid of private land like communism; extreme nationalism; Italy is 1st; founder=Benito Mussolini(National Fascist Party 1919); paid squads(Blackshirts) to get rid of socialist and communist areas; held few seats in legislature | 41 | |
| 195905957 | cold war | lasted from 1945-early 1990s; between United States and Soviet Union; pulled rest of world into their fight; didn't actually fight, just strategized; tried to beat the other with more advanced nuclear weapons | 42 | |
| 195905958 | fidel castro | led peasants in 1956 in Cuban revolt against Batista Dictatorship(supported landowners); used guerilla techniques to get rid of Batista; known as Cuban Revolution; wanted democracy; but took control and made it communist; nationalized factories and executed haters; U.S. formed anti-Castro warriors..didn't work b/c Kennedy sent only Cuban troops (not all U.S. military); 2006 he stepped down and gave responsibilities to younger brother; stayed as 1st Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba | 43 | |
| 195905959 | mao zedong | communist leader in 1949; pushed Kuomindang (political party est. by Sun Yat-sen) farther south until they left; steel industry flourished under him in China; Great Leap Forward (big communes built to get to a genuine Marxist state); under him China tests 1st atomic bomb; Cultural Revolution (1966 most important policy) (got rid of all Western influenced things); Little Red Book (collection of his communism teachings) | 44 | |
| 195905960 | mohandas gandhi | organized large protests against colonial rule in 1920s in India; passive resistance(his philosophy aka civil disobedience); didn't fight with weapons, but with actions; boycotts and strikes; violence between Muslims and Hindus upset him; called for religious peace; 2 schools after India was freed from Britain(Gandhi supported 1st school(peace between Muslims and Hindus); but India split up with Pakistan for Muslims and East Pakistan for Hindus; killed millions; Gandhi assassinated by a Hindu | 45 | |
| 195905961 | apartheid | separation of races; est. in South Africa; divided blacks (80%) and white; 1950s apartheid was moved into homelands so blacks had land set aside for them; they got worst and smallest part | 46 | |
| 195905962 | PLO | Palestine Liberation Organization; wanted to reclaim land and establish a Palestine state; so far not successful; complicated by intifada(uprising) movement to destroy Israel or get it out of their land | 47 | |
| 195905963 | iranian revolution | sent Iran to theocracy w/ Ayatollah (Mirror of God) Khomeini; women had to wear their traditional clothing; Qu'ran was legal system | 48 | |
| 195905964 | mcdonaldization | McDonalds is spreading into east (including Muslim states); people find this threatening; think it's trying to get rid of Islam ways; b/c of this terrorist attacks | 49 | |
| 203962374 | foundations | 8000bce-600ce | 50 | |
| 203962377 | classical era | 1000bce-600ce | 51 | |
| 203962379 | postclassical era | 600ce-1450ce | 52 | |
| 203962381 | early modern era | 1450ce-1750ce | 53 | |
| 203962383 | modern era | 1750ce-1914ce | 54 | |
| 203962385 | contemporary era | 1914ce- present | 55 |
