Terms : Hide Images
| 13511750436 | Battle of Tours | also called Battle of Poitiers, (October 732), victory won by Charles Martel, the de facto ruler of the Frankish kingdoms, over Muslim invaders from Spain. The battlefield was fought in what is now west-central France. The battle has been described as one of the most consequential military encounters in history, for Martel's victory over the emir of Córdoba preserved western Europe from Muslim conquest and Islāmization. |  | 0 |
| 13511757051 | Black Death | also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351. |  | 1 |
| 13511761480 | Bourgeoisie | the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. |  | 2 |
| 13511767477 | Carolingian Kingdom | (800-888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards of Italy from 774. |  | 3 |
| 13511774422 | Charlemagne | also known as Charles the Great or Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of Italy from 774, the first Holy Roman Emperor, and the first emperor in western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. |  | 4 |
| 13511782559 | Dark Ages | (476 - 1000C.E.)is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages, that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire. |  | 5 |
| 13511793919 | Domesday Book | After the Norman invasion and conquest of England in 1066, the Domesday Book was commissioned in December 1085 by order of William The Conqueror. William needed to raise taxes to pay for his army and so a survey was set in motion to assess the wealth and and assets of his subjects throughout the land. |  | 6 |
| 13511799560 | English Parliament | the national legislative body of Great Britain, composed of the House of Commons and the House of Lords |  | 7 |
| 13511804109 | Estates | a major political or social group or class, especially one once having specific political powers, as the clergy, nobles, and commons in France |  | 8 |
| 13511814990 | Fuedalism | a system which existed in the Middle Ages, in which people received land and protection from a lord when they worked and fought for him |  | 9 |
| 13511820277 | fiefs | In European feudalism, a fief was land granted to a person (called a vassal) by his lord in exchange for his services. The fief usually consisted of land and the labor of peasants who were bound to cultivate it. |  | 10 |
| 13511825303 | Franks | member of a Germanic-speaking people who invaded the western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Dominating present-day northern France, Belgium, and western Germany, the Franks established the Carolingian kingdom of early medieval western Europe. The name France is derived from their name. |  | 11 |
| 13511830547 | Guilds | a medieval association of merchants or craftsmen |  | 12 |
| 13511836264 | Hanseatic League | was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe (13-15th centuries). |  | 13 |
| 13511841414 | Holy Roman Empire | was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. Started by Charlemagne in 799 C.E. |  | 14 |
| 13511860027 | Hundred Years War | The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by rulers of the Kingdom of England against the French, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. France wins. |  | 15 |
| 13511866140 | King Clovis I | (465-511) founded the Merovingian kingdom of Gaul, the most successful of the barbarian states of the 5th century. He is widely regarded as the originator of the French nation. |  | 16 |
| 13511851093 | humanism | the revival of classical letters, individualistic and critical spirit, and emphasis on secular concerns characteristic of the Renaissance |  | 17 |
| 13511870962 | Magna Carta | was a document signed by King John after negotiations with his barons and their French and Scots allies at Runnymede, Surrey, England in 1215. ... It is one of the most celebrated documents in the History of England. It is recognised as a foundational document of the idea of the liberty of citizens and modern democracy. |  | 18 |
| 13511876468 | Manorial System | was an economic and social system of medieval Europe. All legal and economic power belonged to the lord of the manor, who was supported economically from his land and from contributions from the peasant population under his authority. |  | 19 |
| 13511883762 | Marco Polo | (1254-1324) was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across Asia at the height of the Mongol Empire. He first set out at age 17 with his father and uncle, traveling overland along what later became known as the Silk Road. |  | 20 |
| 13511892021 | Primogeniture | In law, primogeniture is the rule of inheritance whereby land descends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medieval Europe, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of land held in military tenure |  | 21 |
| 13511899732 | Renaissance | the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning based on renewed interest in Greco-Roman classics in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world. |  | 22 |
| 13511903870 | serfs | is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it. |  | 23 |
| 13511914102 | The Divine Comedy | written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and one of the greatest of world literature. Its influence is so great that it affects the Christian view of the afterlife to this day. The Divine Comedy is composed of three sections, Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Paradise). |  | 24 |
| 13511924133 | three-field system | a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted. |  | 25 |
| 13511929313 | vassals | someone in feudal times who received protection andland from a lord in return for allegiance and performing military and other duties, or someone who is subordinate. An example of a vassal is a person who was given part of a lord's land and who pledged himself to that lord. |  | 26 |
| 13511937616 | vernacular language | the native language commonly spoken by ordinary people in a region |  | 27 |
| 13511943878 | Viking Invasions | (793-1066 AD) is a period in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe, Russia, and part of North America by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest. |  | 28 |
| 13511949759 | William the Conqueror | duke of Normandy (France) who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087) |  | 29 |
