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| 12653962705 | MMPI | the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality inventory. it is an objective test, originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes. | 0 | |
| 12653986171 | personality inventories | a questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to assess several basic personality traits. | 1 | |
| 12654007006 | factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of correlated items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score. | 2 | |
| 12654065323 | Big 5 Personality Dimensions | a term used to refer to basic personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion | 3 | |
| 12654153178 | person-situation controversy | the question of whether behavior is caused more by enduring personality traits or by temporary external/environmental factors | 4 | |
| 12654235362 | stable over time | Most psychologist believe this about personality traits appear to be...... | 5 | |
| 12654282313 | recriprocal determinism | the multidirectional influences of behavior, internal factors, and environment on the development of personality. | 6 | |
| 12654368296 | social-cognitive perspective | according to this perspective, personality is formed by a interaction among behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors (reciprocal determination) | 7 | |
| 12654479688 | pessimistic attributional style | cognitive style involving a tendency to attribute a hopeless attitude to negative life events. "I can't do it", "there is nothing I can do about it so why bother". Leads to depression. | 8 | |
| 12654680699 | positive attributional style | A belief system that negative life events are controllable, which leads to hopefulness and a resilience to depression | 9 | |
| 12654744432 | Optimism | a trait that a person possesses when they perceive more personal control over what happens in life. This trait leads to a healthier life, more positive lifestyle and attitude. | 10 | |
| 12654826897 | self | in contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions | 11 | |
| 12654876237 | spotlight effect | overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us) | 12 | |
| 12655138475 | self-esteem | one's feelings of high or low self-worth | 13 | |
| 12655160973 | self-serving bias | the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors | 14 | |
| 12655169743 | collectivist cultures | societies that prize social harmony, obedience, and close family connectedness over individual achievement. interdependence with others | 15 | |
| 12655343439 | Individualism | giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. independence from others | 16 | |
| 12655368189 | free association (psychoanalysis) | a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing | 17 | |
| 12655378779 | Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions | 18 | |
| 12655386535 | unconscious | according to Freud, the level of the mind is mostly hidden. thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness | 19 | |
| 12655411444 | Preconscious | in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are easy to recall to consciousness | 20 | |
| 12655423276 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | 21 | |
| 12655433143 | Id | a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the "pleasure principle", demanding immediate gratification. It is the "kid" of your personality | 22 | |
| 12655440044 | ego | the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the "reality principle", satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. | 23 | |
| 12655452239 | Superego | the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations. Your parent; angle on your shoulder. | 24 | |
| 12655476523 | psychosexual stages | the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. Personality is formed as children encounter these stages. | 25 | |
| 12655507150 | opedius complex | Conflict during phallic stage, in which, according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy, competitiveness, and hatred for the rival father | 26 | |
| 12655510218 | Electra complex | Conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals | 27 | |
| 12655538247 | Fixation | according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved | 28 | |
| 12655545550 | defense mechanisms | in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety and disguises threatening impulses by unconsciously distorting reality | 29 | |
| 12655559368 | Regression | defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, (usually oral stage)where some psychic energy remains fixated | 30 | |
| 12655599903 | Displacement | psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet | 31 | |
| 12655613367 | reaction formation | Defense mechanism by which people behave in a way that is opposite to what their true feelings would dictate. | 32 | |
| 12655658374 | Projection | psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others | 33 | |
| 12655708199 | sublimation | channeling threatening devices into acceptable outlets (e.g. working out) sublet-->outlet | 34 | |
| 12655731070 | inferiority complex | Adler's conception of a basic feeling of inadequacy stemming from childhood experiences. We spend our lives compensating for that inferiority | 35 | |
| 12655745706 | collective unconscious | Carl Jung's concept of a inherited, shared reservoir of memory traces from our species' history | 36 | |
| 12655763857 | Rorschach inkblot test | a projective technique in which respondents' inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots. Widely criticized as lacking validity | 37 | |
| 12655778523 | Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to | 38 | |
| 12655782340 | Reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting | 39 | |
| 12655788878 | Repression | in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories | 40 | |
| 12655810552 | false consensus effect | the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. (everyone speeds, everybody cheats, nobody else would eat crickets either) | 41 | |
| 12655843037 | terror management theory | a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death | 42 | |
| 12655848846 | Humanistic Perspective | stresses the human capacity for self-actualization and the capacity for healthy human growth | 43 | |
| 12655878612 | self-actualization | according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential | 44 | |
| 12655885488 | self-transcendence | according to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the own potential fro growth and self-actualization | 45 | |
| 12655903906 | Carl Rogers | Humanistic psychologist; self-concept and unconditional positive regard drive personality. Interacted with others in a genuine, accepting, and empathic way. | 46 | |
| 12655932865 | unconditional positive regard | a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance | 47 | |
| 12655961880 | ideal versus perceived self | An assessment used by carl Rogers to identify a person's personal growth. | 48 | |
| 12656031725 | Gordan Allport | the father of the trait perspective of personality | 49 |
