Terms : Hide Images
| 5643784272 | conquistador | Spanish soldiers who sought to conquer the New World for the Spanish crown. | 0 | |
| 5643791937 | caravel | A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century that gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade. | 1 | |
| 5643801302 | Ptolemy's Geography | A 2nd-century work the synthesized the classical knowledge of geography and introduced the concepts of latitude and longitude. Reintroduced to Europeans in about 1410. | 2 | |
| 5643816946 | Treaty of Tordesillas | The 1494 agreement giving Spain everything west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east. | 3 | |
| 5643825444 | Mexica Empire | AKA the Aztec Empire, a large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology. | 4 | |
| 5643851088 | Inca Empire | The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532. | 5 | |
| 5643861147 | viceroyalties | The name for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata. | 6 | |
| 5643874927 | encomienda system | A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians in exchange for food, shelter, and Christian teaching. | 7 | |
| 5643886329 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds. | 8 | |
| 5643906905 | Peace of Westphalia | The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe. | 9 | |
| 5643915032 | Fronde | A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation. | 10 | |
| 5643928384 | mercantilism | A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation's international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver. | 11 | |
| 5643941701 | Peace of Utrecht | A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire. | 12 | |
| 5643955527 | Junkers | The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state. | 13 | |
| 5643963920 | boyars | The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility. | 14 | |
| 5643966720 | Cossacks | Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory in the 14th century who formed an alliance with Russia by the 16th century. | 15 | |
| 5643988938 | sultan | The ruler of the Ottoman Empire; he owned all the agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves. | 16 | |
| 5644003363 | Janissary corps | The core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force. | 17 | |
| 5644016032 | millet system | A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities, with each millet enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders. | 18 | |
| 5644087208 | constitutionalism | A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government, on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand. | 19 | |
| 5644029342 | republicanism | A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives. | 20 | |
| 5644033956 | Puritans | Members of a 16th- and 17th-century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, like bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings. | 21 | |
| 5644046196 | Protectorate | The English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I. | 22 | |
| 5644053572 | Test Act | Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and teach at or attend universities. | 23 | |
| 5644072873 | stadholder | The executive officer in each of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a position held by the princes of Orange. | 24 |
