1860s-1900, The Machine Age, based on Chapter 12 Cracking the U.S. History Exam
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| 64363553 | Progressives | 1900-1920, Urban middle-class reformers, believed more government involvement to be a good thing as well as a capitalist economy | |
| 64363554 | Populist | 1890s, wanted government to own railroads and telegraphs, graduated income, direct election of senators, shorter work days, Cross of Gold (William Jennings Bryan), goals made popular by hard economic times, shown in The Wizard of Oz, People's Party | |
| 64363555 | Cross of Gold | William Jennings Bryan, 1896, free silver (easy money supply) would loosen the control of Northern banks on the country | |
| 64363556 | Thomas A. Edison | lightbulbs, power plants | |
| 64363557 | Mass Production | got popular | |
| 64363558 | economics of sale | the cheaper the product the more sold, the more raw material bought the less the cost, the closer to capacity the machines were kept the less the cost of labor and electricity per product | |
| 64363559 | assembly line production | 12-14 hours a day, one repetitive task over and over | |
| 64363560 | corporate consolidation | larger and larger businesses b/c economics of sale and extremely pro-business government | |
| 64363561 | Sherman Ani-Trust Act of 1890 | No combinations or conspiracies in the restraint of trade, however Supreme court interpreted law and they were VERY pro-business (didn't do much) | |
| 64363562 | Social Darwinism | unrestricted competition allowed only the fittest to survive Andrew Carnegie) | |
| 64363563 | Gospel of Wealth | the concentration of wealth among few= natural and efficient result of capitalism, great wealth brings great responsibility, philanthropy but not charity | |
| 64363564 | factory workers | women, children, immigrants, who ever the manufacturers could pay the least, over 500,000 injuries per year | |
| 64363565 | mass transportation | expansion of railroads and streetcars, subways, middle-class could live somewhere nice and commute to work | |
| 64363566 | political bosses and political machines | helped poor find homes and jobs, apply for citizenship and voting rights, funded parks, police, fire department, roads, sewage, in return community voted as instructed | |
| 64363567 | Knights of Labor | one of first national labor unions, goals: shorter workday, equal pay fro men and women, child labor laws, safety and sanitary codes, federal income tax, gov. ownership of railroads and telegraphs, had many strikes, violent, popularity declined since not very successful | |
| 64363568 | Haymarket Square Riot | 1886, Chicago, bomb went off and killed people, blamed on union radicals | |
| 64363569 | American Federation of Labor | founded by Samuel Gompers, concentrated on higher wages and shorter work days (universal things) | |
| 64363570 | Hull House | founded by Jane Addams, daycare, English lessons, child care classes, playgrounds | |
| 64363571 | yellow journalism | bold headlines and scandals | |
| 64363572 | Jim Crow laws | discriminatory laws against blacks | |
| 64363573 | crop lien system | designed to keep poor in debt so landlords had unofficial slaves | |
| 64363574 | Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896, Court ruled separate but equal facilities legal | |
| 64363575 | Booker T. Washington | didn't go for immediate equal rights, felt gradual change was better | |
| 64363576 | Little Big Horn | one of the government v. Native American skirmishes caused by government intrusion on N.A. lands and N.A. fighting back | |
| 64363577 | Frontier Thesis | Frederick Jackson Turner, frontier shapes America's character, defines spirit, fosters democracy, provides safety valve for economic distress | |
| 64363578 | Homestead Act | 1862, 160 acres to who ever cultivates some land and lives there for 5 years, meant to attract people to the West (the land was Native American land) | |
| 64363579 | Dawes Severalty Act | 1887, broke up Indian reservations and alloted land to head of Native American family, family actually would own land after living on it for 25 years, meant to quickly assimilate N.A. | |
| 64363580 | Gilded Age | politics looked good but were really corrupted, most Presidents weren't corrupt but were relatively weak | |
| 64363581 | Interstate Commerce Act | 1887, to supervise railroad activities and regulate unfair and unethical practices (railroad companies had been gouging prices) | |
| 64363582 | Pendleton Act | 1883, response to charges of patronage in awarding of government jobs | |
| 64363583 | Woman's suffrage | became an important political issue during this period, led by Susan B. Anthony | |
| 64363584 | American Suffrage Association | fought for women's suffrage amendments to state constitutions | |
| 64363585 | Grange Movement | very popular around 1875, allowed farmers to buy machinery and sell crops as a group (economic benefit) but shifted to political endorsements. Died out due to lack of money and replaced by Farmers' Alliances. | |
| 64363586 | McKinley Tariff | 1890, raised duties on imports almost 50% | |
| 64363587 | Spanish-American War | 1898, already had been tension for a while due to yellow journaling but destruction of the USS Maine sparked America to action, the main issue was Cuban independence | |
| 64363588 | William H. Seward | Secretary of State for Lincoln and Johnson, increased U.S. involvement with Western Hemisphere affairs | |
| 64363589 | Expansionism | expand to do business, supported by most Americans | |
| 64363590 | Imperialism | a system in which a rich and powerful country controls other countries, or a desire for control over other countries | |
| 64363591 | Hawaii | Hawaii economy collapsed 1890s due to U.S. meddling, U.S. annexed Hawaii | |
| 64363592 | Cuba | went through a civil war caused by U.S. tampering with economy, lots of yellow journalism | |
| 64363593 | USS Maine | 1898, exploded in Havana harbor, U.S. assumed Spain did it and declared war | |
| 64363594 | Philippines | controlled by Spain until Treaty of Paris | |
| 64363595 | Treaty of Paris (1898) | Ended Spanish-American War, Spain granted Cuba independence, gave U.S. Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam | |
| 64363596 | Platt Amendment | 1901, U.S. troops would leave Cuba if: U.S. can intervene in Cuban domestic and foreign affairs, Cuba could not sign a foreign treaty w/o U.S. consent, U.S. got land to build a naval base | |
| 64363597 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR foreign policy, good relations w/ neighbors, less military intervention | |
| 64363598 | Insular Cases | (1901-1903) ruled that the Constitution did not follow the flag, colonial subjects were not entitled to the same rights as U.S. citizens | |
| 64363599 | Open Door Policy | McKinley foreign policy, open door to all Western nations that wanted to trade with Asia (Some Euro nations had issues with this b/c of Asian colonies, led to Bower Rebellion) |
