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| 727929091 | Korematsu vs. US | Supreme Court ruled that internment of Japanese Americans was justified as the country's need for protection against espionage outweighed individual rights | |
| 727929092 | Henry J. Kaiser | An American industrialist who won a government contract to build "Liberty Ships", which were cargo ships used in WWII. He made records when he churned out 1 ship every 14 days and became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. He established the Kaiser Shipyard after which he formed Kaiser Aluminum and Kaiser Steel. | |
| 727929093 | War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers | |
| 727929094 | Office of Price Administration | Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration. The OPA froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items such as gas, oil, butter, meat, sugar, coffee and shoes in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation. | |
| 727929095 | Smith-Connally Anti Strike Act | Proposed after threats of lost production through strikes during WWII. Authorized the federal government to seize and operate tied-up businesses. Passed over FDR's veto. | |
| 727929096 | War Labor Board | Acted as a supreme court for labor cases. Did more harm than good when it tried to limit wages, which led to strikes. | |
| 727929097 | Bracero Program | United States labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. The program stimulated emigration for Mexico. | |
| 727929098 | Baby boom | An increase in population by almost 30 million people. This spurred a growth in suburbs and three to four children families. | |
| 727929099 | A. Philip Randolph | America's leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories' refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries. | |
| 727929100 | Double V | Victory at home and abroad. Civil Rights activists promoted African Americans' involvement in the war as a way to demonstrate their commitment to the nation and their commitment to fight racism. 1 million blacks served in the armed forces in segregated units. A. Philip Randolph threatened to organize a march on Washington to protest racism in hiring and wages in 1942. | |
| 727929101 | Fair Employment Practices Commission | FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories. | |
| 727929102 | General Douglas MacArthur | commander of the US forces in the Philippine Islands who directed the Allied occupation of Japan | |
| 727929103 | Battle of Coral Sea | Fought on May 7-8 1942; Caused heavy losses on both sides; Japanese won a tactical victory because they sank US carrier Lexington; Americans claimed a strategic victory by stopping Japan's drive towards Australia | |
| 727929104 | Admiral Chester Nimitz | He was the commander of the Pacific Fleet during WW2, and he was the man who directed the U.S. victories at Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa | |
| 727929105 | Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. | |
| 727929106 | Adm. Raymond Spruance | Chief-of-Staff of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. Spruance got to lead the attack on the Marianas, leading the 5th Fleet into the Battle of the Philippine Sea.after the Philippine Sea battle, Spruance, for the first time, turned over the 5th Fleet to Admiral Halsey, going back to Pearl Harbor to plan future landing operations. | |
| 727929107 | Island-hopping | the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. | |
| 727929108 | Gudalcanal | First Amphibious landing of WWII. Navy withdrew due to enemy attack. Marines held a defensive position until the rest arrived. Assumed full control within 7 months. | |
| 727929109 | New Guinea | a Pacific island north of Australia | |
| 727929110 | Gilbert Islands | (III) Main Target: Tarawa. Japanese had principal military installations in Gilbert Islands. Japanese used pill boxes to shoot down US troops. Only 17 Japanese soldiers surrender. | |
| 727929111 | Marianas Islands | the most intensive carrier battle "The Great Turkey Shot", American hellcat fighters had their way in the air shooting down 250 enemy planes. these islands were close enough so B29 bombers could hit Japan and return | |
| 727929112 | enigma codes | German codes cracked by the British allowing the Allies to pinpoint the location of U-boats | |
| 727929113 | Battle of the Atlantic | Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945 | |
| 727929114 | General Erwin Rommel | German commander, "desert fox", was ordered by Hitler to push Britain back to Cairo in Egypt. Assisted Mussolini when Italy could not push Britain back while they resisted. | |
| 727929115 | Gen. Bernard Montgomery | A British general. Stopped Erwin Rommel from pushing them back to the Egyptian frontier | |
| 727929116 | Battle of El Alamein | (1942) World War II battle in which the Britain won a decisive victory over Germany in Egypt, securing the Suez Canal | |
| 727929117 | Stalingrad | City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Today Volgograd. (p. 793) | |
| 727929118 | Winston Churchill | A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. | |
| 727929119 | General Dwight D. Eisenhower | led the Allied invasion of North African and planned and executed the D-Day invasion at Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge | |
| 727929120 | Casablanca Conference | Jan. 14-23, 1943 - FDR and Chruchill met in Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany's unconditional surrender to end the war. | |
| 727929121 | Tehran Conference | December, 1943, a meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion to help ensure international peace | |
| 727929122 | D-Day Invasion | invasion led Dwight D. Eisenhower, started in Normandy, on june 6th 1944, was a success, turing point of WWII, first time allied forces successfully set foot in europe | |
| 727929123 | General George S. Patton | A US general who helped defeat Rommel. He read Rommel's books, and shoved it in Rommel's face when he defeated him in Egypt. Patton thought he was Julius Ceasar in his past life. | |
| 727929124 | Thomas E. Dewey | The Republican presidential nominee in 1944, Dewey was the popular governor of New York. Roosevelt won a sweeping victory in this election of 1944. Dewey also ran against Harry Truman in the 1948 presidential election. Dewey, arrogant and wooden, seemed certain to win the election, and the newspapers even printed, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" on election night. However, the morning results showed that Truman swept the election, much to Dewey's embarrassment. | |
| 727929125 | Harry S Truman | The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. | |
| 727929126 | General A.C. McCauliffe | answered "Nuts." when Germany asked for a surrender at the Battle of Bostogne. | |
| 727929127 | Battle of the Bulge | December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. | |
| 727929128 | V-E Day | Victory in Europe Day on May 8th, 1945 celebrated the official defeat of the Nazis and end of WWII in Europe. | |
| 727929129 | Leyte Gulf | largest naval battle of World War II; Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) mobilized nearly all of its remaining major naval vessels in an attempt to defeat the Allied invasion, but failed to achieve its objective, suffered very heavy losses, and never afterwards sailed to battle in comparable force; first battle in which Japanese aircraft carried out organized kamikaze attacks | |
| 727929130 | Iwo Jima | a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945) | |
| 727929131 | General William Halsey | Allied leader who fought for control of the Solomon islands in the South Pacific | |
| 727929132 | Okinawa | Showed that the Japanese would "fight to the death",was the scene of the last great U.S. amphibious campaign in World War II. U.S. army and marine forces | |
| 727929133 | Potsdam Conference | The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. | |
| 727929134 | Albert Einstein | This 20th Century scientist revolutionized the way scientists thought about space, time and matter, the most notable being his theory of relativity. Escaped Nazi Germany to America in 1940. | |
| 727929135 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. | |
| 727929136 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. | |
| 727929137 | Nagasaki | site of 2nd Atomic Bomb, killing 40,000+ Japanease citizens |
