AP US chapter 5 studyguide
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| 214507799 | melting pot | the mingling of diverse ethnic groups in America, including the idea that these groups are or should be "melting" into a single culture or people | |
| 214507800 | sect | a small religious group that has broken away from some larger mainstream church, often claiming superior or exclusive possession of religious truth | |
| 214519739 | agitators | those who seek to excite or persuade the public on some issue | |
| 214519740 | stratification | the visible arrangement of society into a hierarchical pattern, with distinct social groups layered one on top of the other | |
| 214519741 | mobility | the capacity to pass readily from one social or economic condition to another | |
| 214519742 | elite | the smaller group at the top of a society or institution, usually possessing wealth, power, or special privileges | |
| 214519743 | almshouse | a home for poor, supported by charity or public funds | |
| 214519744 | gentry | landowners of substantial property, social standing, and leisure, but not titled nobility | |
| 214519745 | tenant farmer | one who rents rather than owns land | |
| 214519746 | penal code | the body of criminal laws specifying offenses and prescribing punishments | |
| 214519747 | veto | the executive power to prevent acts passed by the legislature from becoming law | |
| 214519748 | apprentice | a person who works under a master to acquire instruction in a trade or profession | |
| 214519749 | speculation | buying land or anything else in the hope of profiting by an expected rise in price | |
| 214519750 | revival | in religion, a movement of renewed enthusiasm and commitment, often accompanied by special meetings or evagelical activity | |
| 214519751 | secular | belonging to the worldly sphere rather than to the specifically sacred or churchly | |
| 214519752 | the primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century was... | the natural fertility of the population | |
| 214519753 | German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy in... | Pennsylvania | |
| 214519754 | the Scots-Irish eventually became concentrated especially in... | the frontier areas | |
| 214519755 | compared with the seventeenth century, American colonial society in the eighteenth century showed... | greater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor; however, there was also greater opportunity for convicts and indentured servants to climb to the top | |
| 214519756 | the most honored professional in colonial America was the... | clergyman | |
| 214519757 | the primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans was... | agriculture | |
| 214519758 | Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience of... | creating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethinc groups | |
| 214519759 | an unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scale were... | convicts and paupers | |
| 214519760 | the "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses, and slaves among the ports of... | New England, Africa, and the West Indies | |
| 214519761 | the passage of British restrictions on trade encouraged colonial merchants to... | find ways to smuggle and otherwise evade the law by trading with other countries | |
| 214519762 | besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important function as centers of... | news and political opinion | |
| 214519763 | the Anglican Church suffered in colonial America because of... | its poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities | |
| 214519764 | the two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in various colonies were the... | Anglicans and Congregationalists | |
| 214519765 | among the many important results of the Great Awakening was that it... | broke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity | |
| 214519766 | a primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors was... | using their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary | |
| 214527292 | Dutch | corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania | |
| 214527293 | Scots-Irish | ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies | |
| 214527294 | Regulator Movement | rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson | |
| 214527295 | Jayle Birds | popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities | |
| 214527296 | Praying Towns | term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized | |
| 214527297 | lawyer | a once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights | |
| 214527298 | triangular trade | small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies | |
| 214527299 | taverns | popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate | |
| 214527300 | established church | term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics | |
| 214527301 | Great Awakening | spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s | |
| 214527302 | new lights | ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it | |
| 214527303 | colleges | institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awakening | |
| 214527304 | Zenger Trial | the case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel | |
| 214527305 | council | the upper house of a colonial legislature, appointed by the crown or the proprietor | |
| 214527306 | Poor Richard's Almanack | Benjamin Franklin's hightly popular collection of information, parables, and advice | |
| 214527307 | Philadelphia | leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin | |
| 214527308 | African Americans | largest non-English group in the colonies | |
| 214527309 | Scots-Irish | group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities | |
| 214527310 | Paxton Boys and Regulators | Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina | |
| 214527311 | Patrick Henry | eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights | |
| 214527312 | Molasses Act | attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies | |
| 214527313 | Anglican church | established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown | |
| 214527314 | Johnathan Edwards | brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening | |
| 214527315 | George Whitefield | itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies | |
| 214527316 | Phillis Wheatly | former slave who became a poet at an early age | |
| 214527317 | Benjamin Franklin | author, scientist, printer; "the first civilized American" | |
| 214527318 | John Peter Zenger | colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press | |
| 214527319 | Quakers | dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes towards Indians | |
| 214527320 | Baptists | nonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening | |
| 214527321 | John Singleton Copley | colonial painter who studied an worked in Britian |
