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AP US Gov. Ch. 11-12

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229052378soft moneyvirtually unregulated money funneled through parties, banned in 2002
229052379proportional representationvoting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a party
229052380stratified samplingvariation of random sampling, country is split into 4 regions
229052381tracking pollscontinuous surveys that enable a campaign to chart its daily rise or fall in support
229052382national party platformstatement of the general and specific philosophy and policy goals of a party
229052383secular realignmentgradual rearrangement of party coalitions, based on demographic shifts
229052384party realignmentshifting of party coalition groupings in the electorate that remains for several elections
229052385ticket-splitvote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election
229052386civil service lawsacts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional, competitive bureaucracy
229052387party identificationcitizen's personal affinity for a party
229052388public opinion pollsinterviews or surveys with samples of citizens that are used to estimate the beliefs of the general population
229052389political socializationprocess through which individuals acquire their political beliefs
229052390margin of errormeasure of the accuracy of a public opinion polls
229052391winner-take-all systemelectoral system in which the party that receives at least one more vote than any other, wins
229052392random samplingmethod of selection that gives each person in a group the same chance for selection
229052393organizational partyactivists who make up the party's formal organizational structure
229052394political partyorganized effort by office holders and voters to pursue common interests
229052395samplesubset of the whole population selected for gauging opinion
229052396straw pollsunscientific surveys used to predict public opinion on issues
229052397push pollspolls taken for the purpose of providing info on an opponent that would lead respondents to vote against said candidate
229052398dealignmentgeneral decline in party identification and loyalty
229052399coalitiongroup made up of organizations that join forces for the purpose of electing public officials
229052400critical electionelection that signals a party realignment through voter polarization
229052401candidate-centered politicspolitics focused on candidates rather than party affiliation
229052402political machineparty that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives, very controlling
229052403think tankcollection of policy-oriented researchers and academics
229052404hard moneyfunds that can be used for direct electioneering but is regulated by the Federal Elections Commission
229052405direct primaryselection of party candidates through ballots of voters rather than at nominating conventions
229052406party in the electoratevoters who consider themselves allied with a party
229052407national conventionparty meeting held for purposes of nominating a president and vice president for the ticket
229052408public opinionwhat the public thinks about a particular issue at any point in time
229052409governmental partyoffice holders who organize themselves and pursue policy objectives under a party label
229052410political ideologyset of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government
229052411exit pollspolls conducted as voters leave selected polling places on Election Day
229052412issue-oriented politicspolitics that focus on specific issues rather than on parties

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