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| 14810032828 | federation | This is a two-level government, the state and national (federal) levels, with the national government holding the most power. This involved the yielding by the states of their sovereignty to a completely new federal government. This would give the states freedom to control their local affairs. | 0 | |
| 14810032829 | checks & balances | This was the principle of government under which separate branches are employed to prevent actions by the other branches and are induced to share power. | 1 | |
| 14810032830 | sovereignty | Supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state. | 2 | |
| 14810032831 | mobocracy | Rule or domination by the masses. | 3 | |
| 14810032832 | consent of the governed | A condition urged by many as a requirement for legitimate government. | 4 | |
| 14810032833 | states' rights | The rights and powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government. | 5 | |
| 14810032834 | anarchy | A state of disorder due to absence or nonrecognition of authority. | 6 | |
| 14810032835 | Society of the Cincinnati | a hereditary society with branches in the United States and France, founded in 1783, to preserve the ideals and fellowship of officers of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War. | 7 | |
| 14810032836 | large-state plan | It was the plan purposed by Virginia to set up Congress where the number of representatives per state would be based on population, giving the larger states an advantage. | 8 | |
| 14810032837 | Great Compromise | Resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 Senators. | 9 | |
| 14810032838 | Articles of Confederation | The first "constitution" governing the Untied States after the revolution. It was ratified in 1781 and provided for a "firm league of friendship." | 10 | |
| 14810032839 | Electoral College | A group of electors chosen by the people to elect the president of the United States in every election year. | 11 | |
| 14810032840 | Three-Fifths Compromise. | A compromise where a black slave was counted as three-fifths of a person when they were counting the population. | 12 | |
| 14810032841 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law which stated that the disputed land of the Old Northwest (today's Midwest) was to be equally divided into townships (6 miles by 6 miles) and sold for federal income. It also promoted education (by reserving section #16 for schools) and ended confusing legal disagreements over land. | 13 | |
| 14810032842 | Northwest Ordinance | Stated that sections of land were similar to colonies for a while, and under the control of the federal government. Once a territory was inhabited by 60,000 people, then Congress would review its constitution and admit it as a state. Slavery was prohibited in the area. | 14 | |
| 14810032843 | Anti-Federalists | People who disagreed with the Constitution because they believed people's rights were being taken away without a Bill of Rights. They were angered by dropping annual elections, the non existence of God in the government, a standing army, and basically the strengthening of the federal government. | 15 | |
| 14810032844 | Shay's Rebellion | An uprising that flared up in western Massachusetts. Impoverished back country farmers, many of them Revolutionary War veterans, were losing their farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. They demanded cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and a suspension of mortgage foreclosures. | 16 | |
| 14810032845 | Federalists | A political party consisting of the wealthier, more educated, more respectable citizens of the time. They believed in advocating a strong federal government and fought for the adoption of the United States Constitution | 17 | |
| 14810032846 | Constitution of the United State | The foundation of our country's national government. It was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified two years later. | 18 | |
| 14810032847 | The Federalist Papers | A series of articles written in New York newspapers as a source of propaganda for a stronger central government. The articles, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, were a way for the writers to express their belief that it is better to have a stronger central government. | 19 | |
| 14810032848 | bill of rights | A list of fundamental freedoms assumed to be central to society. | 20 | |
| 14810032849 | Assumption | Was part of Hamilton's economic theory. It stated that the federal government would assume all the states' debts for the American Revolution. This action angered states such as Virginia who had already paid off their debts. In exchange for agreeing to the plan, Virginia was promised that the new capital would be in the South | 21 | |
| 14810032850 | Funding at Par | This was an economic plan devised in 1790 by Hamilton in order to "bolster the nation's credit" and strengthen the central government. It was a plan to exchange old bonds for new bonds at face value. | 22 | |
| 14810032851 | Strict Interpretation of the Constitution | Jefferson and his states' rights disciples believed the Constitution should be interpreted "literally". The reason was to protect individual rights. | 23 | |
| 14810032852 | Implied Powers | Refers to the powers of the government found in the Constitution in unwritten forms, mainly through the elastic clause. | 24 | |
| 14810032853 | Agrarian | This term means having to do with agriculture. | 25 | |
| 14810032854 | Excise Tax | A tax on the manufacturing of an item. It helped Hamilton to achieve his theory on a strong central government, supported by the wealthy manufacturers. | 26 | |
| 14810032855 | The Cabinet | A body of executive department heads that serve as the chief advisers to the president. It was formed during the first years of Washington's presidency. | 27 | |
| 14810032856 | Whiskey Rebellion | A small rebellion that began in southwestern Pennsylvania in 1794 that was a challenge to the national government's unjust use of an excise tax on an "economic medium of exchange." Washington crushed the rebellion with excessive force, proving the strength of the national government's power in its military. | 28 | |
| 14810032857 | Ninth Amendment | States the rights listed in the Constitution are not the only rights people have. It was written by James Madison in 1791 to stop the possibility that listing such rights might possibly lead to the assumption that the rights were the only ones protected. | 29 | |
| 14810032858 | Tenth Amendment | Often called the "States' Rights Amendment." States that the "powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people." This allows for a strong central government, but it does not allow the government to become all powerful by still allowing states and people rights. | 30 | |
| 14810032859 | Jeffersonian Republicans | This was one of nation's first political parties and stemmed from the Anti-Federalists. It emerged around 1792 and gradually became today's Democratic party. | 31 | |
| 14810032860 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Organized the Supreme Court, originally with five justices and a chief justice, along with several federal district and circuit courts. It also create the Attorney General's office. | 32 | |
| 14810032861 | Compact Theory | Was popular among the English political philosophers in the eighteenth century. In America, it was supported by Jefferson and Madison. It meant that the thirteen states, by creating the federal government, had entered into a contract regarding the jurisdiction of the federal government. The national government, being created by the states, was the agent of the states. This meant that the individual states were the final judges of the national government's actions. | 33 | |
| 14810032862 | Pinckney Treaty | This 1795 treaty gave America what they demanded from the Spanish, namely free navigation of the Mississippi and a large area of north Florida. | 34 | |
| 14810032863 | Jay Treaty | This treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted war, resolved issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary War. | 35 | |
| 14810032864 | Convention of 1800 | This was a treaty signed in Paris that ended France's peacetime military alliance with America. Napoleon was eager to sign this treaty so he could focus his attention on conquering Europe and perhaps create a New World empire in Louisiana. This ended the "Quasi-War" between France and America | 36 | |
| 14810032865 | Neutrality Proclamation 1793 | This was issued by George Washington and established an isolationist policy in the French Revolution. | 37 | |
| 14810032866 | Alien Act | Laws that contained four parts: 1. Raised the residence requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years. 2. Alien Act - gave the president the power in peacetime to order any alien out of the country. 3. Alien Enemies Act - permitted the president in wartime to jail aliens when he wanted to. 4. The Sedition Act - the key clause provided fines and jail penalties for anyone guilty of sedition. It was to remain in effect until the next presidential inauguration. | 38 | |
| 14810032867 | Sedition Act | Its purpose was to silence Republican opposition to Adams' administration. Many people, mostly newspaper publishers, were fined and jailed under the act. | 39 | |
| 14810032868 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | Was an attack made by American General "Mad Anthony" Wayne against invading Indians from the northwest. The defeat of the Indians ended the alliance made with the British and Indians. The battle made the Americans angry at England because the Indians were using British-made guns. | 40 | |
| 14810032869 | Treaty of Greenville | This treaty gave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne battled and defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It allowed Americans to explore the area with peace of mind that the land belonged to America and added size and very fertile land to America | 41 | |
| 14810032870 | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Put into practice in 1798 by Jefferson and James Madison. Were secretly made to get the rights back that were taken away by the Alien and Sedition Acts. They also brought about the later compact theory, or states' rights theory, which gave the states more power than the federal government. | 42 |
