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AP US HISTORY 1 Flashcards

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8680693142The Inca, Iroquois, Maya, AztecWhat are the Pre-Columbian Native American societies?0
8680693143The Canon, Astrolabe, Compass, and improved mapsWhat technology did the Portuguese use in their voyages of exploration?1
8680831768Bartholomeu DiasWho was the Portuguese sailor who was first to sail around Africa's southern tip at the Cape of Good Hope2
8680831769The discovery of nearly identical species of fish in long-separated freshwater lakes throughout the worldWhat proved the once existence of a single original continent (Pangea)3
8680831770The Appalachian MountainsWhich mountain range was probably created before the continental separation (about 350 million years ago)4
8680831771People who crossed the land bridge from Eurasia to North AmericaWho were likely the first Americans5
868083177254 MillionIn 1492, when Europeans arrived in the Americas, the total of the two continents' populations was probably what?6
8680831773Establish large, elaborate, bustling cities; make strikingly accurate astronomical observations; study mathematics; carry on commerceWhat did the more advanced Native American cultures do?7
8680831774CornWhat was the crop that became the staple of life in Mexico and South America?8
8680831775North AmericaWhere was Native American civilization least highly developed?9
8680831776The production of a rich diet that led to a relatively high populationWhat did the development of "3 sister" farming lead to?10
8680831777In small, scattered, and impermanent settlementsBefore the arrival of Europeans, where did most natives in North America live?11
8680831778Military alliances, sustained by political and organizational skillHow was the Iroquois Confederacy able to menace its Native Americans and European neighbors?12
8680898496Hunting, gathering fuel, clearing fields for planting, and fishingWhat tasks did men in more settled agricultural groups in North America preform?13
8680898497No nation-state that yearned to expand supported their venturedWhy did the early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers not result in permanent settlements in North America?14
8680898498They brought back news of valuable Far Eastern spices, drugs, and silkWhy were Christian Crusaders indirectly responsible of the discovery of America?15
8680898499The Arabs and AfricansWhat group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived?16
8682177213The Portuguese Slave SystemWhere can the origins of the modern plantation system be found?17
8682177214Portugal controlled the African CoastWhy did Spain look westward in order to reach the Indies?18
8682177215Maize, Potatoes, beans, and tomatoesWhat New World plants revolutionized the international economy?19
868217721690%Within a century of Columbus' landfall in the new world, how much had the native population dropped?20
8682177217The growth of CapitalismWhat did the flood of precious metals into Europe from the New World result in?21
8682177218European governments to give Native Americans to colonists if they promised to Christianize themWhat did the encomienda system allow?22
8682177219To gain God's favor by spreading Christianity; To escape dubious (criminal) pasts; to seek adventure; to satisfy their desire for goldWhy did men become Conquistadors23
8682177220They had a century head start of exploration over the English; they were genuine Empire builders; they were cultural innovators in the new world; their settlements were bigger and richer compared to Anglo-Saxon onesWhat true about Spain and their exploration24
8682177221It guaranteed toleration to all ChristiansWhat did Maryland's Act of Toleration (1649) do?25
8682177222Because it could be produced easily and quicklyWhy was tobacco considered a poor man's crop?26
8682177223It had to be planted extensively; required the clearing of a lot of land; required an elaborate refining process; was a capital-intensive processWhy was sugar considered an Rich Man's crop?27
8682177224SugarWhat was the main export crop of the British Caribbean?28
8682177225BarbadosWhere did the statues governing slavery in North America originate?29
8682177226Rice and Native American slavesWhat were the two major exports of the Carolinas30
8682177227HostileWhat were Carolinians attitude towards Native Americans?31
8682177228Create a haven for people imprisoned for debtWhat were Georgia's founders determined to do?32
8682177229They were economically dependent on the export of a staple cropHow were Virgina, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia similar?33
8682177230Based their economies on the export of staple crops; practiced slavery; provided tax support towards the Church of England; had few large citiesBy 1750, what did all the Southern plantation caolines do/have?34
8682177231Anglican ChurchWhat did King Henry VIII establish following the Protestant Reformation35
8682177232Violent and UnjustHow would you describe the treatment of the Irish under the reign of Elizabeth I36
8682177233Francis Drake"Sea Dog" who plundered the treasure ships of the Spanish Main37
8682177234Walter Raleighcourtier whose colony at Roanoke Island was mysteriously abandoned in the 1580s38
8682177235Humphrey Gilbertadventurer who tried but failed to establish a colony in Newfoundland39
8682177236The Defeat of the Spanish ArmadaWhat caused Spanish dreams of building and empire to fade?40
8682177237It helped to ensure England's Naval dominance in the North AtlanticWhat did England's defeat of the Spanish Armada do?41
8683380532A unified nation state, measure of religious unity, a sense of nationalism, and a popular monarchWhat did England posses on the eve of its colonization venture?42
8683380533A large population boom; enclosing of crop lands, thus forcing farmers off their land; increased unemployment; an economic depressionWhat happened in England as the 17th Century opened up?43
8683380534A joint-stock companyWho provided the financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America?44
8683380535Unemployment, thirst for adventure, desire for markets, desire for religious freedomWhat were some motives for English colonization?45
8683380536The foundation for American LibertyThe guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the "rights of Englishmen" became what?46
8683380537To impress Smith with his power and show the Indians desire for peaceWhy did Chief Powhatan have Captain John Smith kidnapped?47
8683380538He imposed a harsh military regime in the colonyWhat did Lord De La Warr do when he took control of Jamestown in 161048
8683380539NonexistentWhat was the social order in Virginia and other southern colonies like?49
8683380540DiseaseWhat was the biggest disrupter of Native American life?50
868338054114%By 1700, what percentage of Virginia's population was black slaves51
8683380542To be financially profitable and create a refuge for the CatholicsWhat was the colony of Maryland founded?52
8683639492Patterns if settlement; economies; political systems; valuesColonists in both the North and South established differently in what ways?53
8683639493German; protested against the Catholic doctrines at Wittenberg in 1517; denounced the authority of priests and popes; declared that the Bible was the only source of God's wordWho was Martin Luther ?54
8683639494Fines; floggings; banishment; deathWhat were the punishments for people who flouted the authority of the Puritan Liturgy in the Massachusetts Bay Area55
8683639495Breaking away from the Church of England; condemning and taking Native American land; denying the authority of civil governments; challenging the legality if the Massachusetts Bay CharterWhat were Roger William's beliefs?56
8683639496Individualists and independent attitudesWhat was the colony of Rhode Island known for?57
8683639497It established a regime democratically controlled by the "substantial" citizensSettlers fo the Connecticut River Colony developed a document known as the Fundamental orders which did what?58
8683639498Intertribal unity against the EnglishWhat was the New England Native Americans' only hope for resisting the English?59
8683639499The lasting defeat of New England's IndiansWhat did King Philips war result in?60
8683639500The power of town meetings was curbed; officials tried to enforce the navigation laws; taxes were levied unfairly; smuggling was repressedWhat were the results of Sir Edmond Andros' rule?61
8683639501The DutchWho originally founded New York?62
8683639502For quick profit off of fur tradingWhy was the Dutch colony New Netherland (later NY) founded?63
8683639503The autocratic spirit survivedWhat happened when the English gained control over New Netherland?64
8683639504The monopolistic land policies of the aristocratsWhy was the physical growth of English New York slowed?65
8683639505PennsylvaniaWhat was the best advertised colony?66
8683639506profitable very quicklyWhat was the economy of Pennsylvania like67
8683639507Slave labor in the southWhat became the main regional difference?68
8683639508Scarcity of WomenWhat was the population of the Chesapeake colony notable for throughout the first half of te 17th century69
8683639509The Chesapeake coloniesDue to high death rates, families were both few and fragile where?70
8683639510VirginiaBy 1700, what was the most populated colony?71
8683639511Captured by African coastal tribesMany of the slaves who reached North America were what?72
8683639512Middle PassageThe gruesome ocean voyage to america, particularly for African American slaves73
8683639513South CarolinaWhere were the worst social and physical conditions for slaves?74
8683639514Jazz, the banjo, a variety of words, and bongosWhat did African Americans contribute to American culture75
8683639515racial discriminationAlthough slavery was started for economic reasons, slavery also was influenced by what?76
8683639516SlavesWho was at the bottom of the Social class in the south?77
8683639517Marry early and have several childrenIt was common for colonial New England adults to do what?78
8683639518OrderlyHow was expansion of New England society?79
8683639519Democracy in political governmentWhat did the Puritan system of congressional church government lead to?80
8683639520Fishing, ship building, and commerceWhat did the New England economy heavily depend on?81
8683639521Energy, stubbornness, self-reliance, resourcefulnessThe combination of Calvinism., soil, and climate in New England resulted in the people there possessing what qualities82
8683639522Extremely importantHow important was New England's impact on the rest of the nation83
8691582570Every world war since 1688Beginning in the 17th Century, what had America been involved in?84
8691582571Popularly elected assembliesWhat did English colonies have that New France did not?85
8691582572BeaversWhat was one valuable resource in New France?86
8691582573Fur TrappingWhat was the primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France87
8691582574They explored and acted as geographersWhat did the Jesuit priests do other then failing at gaining converts?88
8691582575Decades of salutary neglectWhat did Britain provide during the generation of peace following the 1713 treaty of Utrecht?89
8691582576Fighting over control of The ohio river valleyWhat did the clash between Britain and France for control of North America stem from?90
8691582577He was defeated at fort necessity but was allowed to retreatWhat happened in George Washington's first military command in the French and Indian War?91
8691582578To achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threatWhat was the long ranged purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754?92
8691582579He focused his military strategy on the Quebec-Montreal areaWhat happened when William Pitt became prime minister during the 7 Years War?93
8691582580A very important battleWhat was the battle of Quebec 1759?94
8691582581A new spirit of independence arose, as the French threat disappearedWhat happened once the Americans and British won the 7 Years War?95
8691582582Stabilize Indian-white relationsWhat did the British decide to do after defeating Chief Pontiac and his alliance?96
8691582583To work out a fair trade settlement of the Indian problemWhat was the Proclamation of 1763 designed to do?97
8691582584It prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian MountainsWhat did the Proclamation of 1763 do?98
8691582585Rapidly growing populationsWhat was one feature that all the rebellious colonies had?99
8691582586The natural fertility of AmericansWhat can the population growth of the American Colonies by 1775 be attributed to?100
8691582587New York, Charlestown, Philadelphia, BostonWhat communities could be considered a city in Colonial America by 1775?101
8691582588Pugnacious, lawless, and individualisticHow could you describe the Scots-Irish102
8691849796Very little considering the amount in EnglandHow many poor people were in the American Colonies by the mid 1700s103
8691849797The ministryWhat was the most honored profession in early colonial society104
8691849798Cattle and GrainBy the 18th century, what did the northern colonies rely on?105
8691849799TobaccoBy the 18th century, what did the Chesapeake colonies rely on?106
8691849800Rice and IndigoBy the 18th century, what did the southern colonies rely on?107
869184980190%What percentage of people were farmers in the colonies?108
8691849802AgricultureWhat was the leading industry in the American colonies109
8691849803The trading of manufactured goods for slavesWhat did the triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry involve?110
8691849804Rum, Beaver Hats, Lumber, IronAlthough manufacturing in the colonies was of second importance, what did the Americans produce111
8691849805Slow by any means availableWhat was transportation in colonial america like112
8691849806A cradle for democracy; hotbeds for agitation for the Revolutionary movement; important in crystallizing public opinion; places providing amusementWhat were Colonial American taverns?113
8691849807Congregational and AnglicanWhat were the only 2 established (tax supported) churches in 1775 Colonial America?114
8691849808undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies; split the colonial churches into several competing denominations; led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutger colleges; was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American PeopleWhat did the great awakening do?115
8692743063Parliament passed the tax, not the colonistsWhy did the colonists object the Stamp Act116
8692743064That every member of British Parliament represented all British subjectsWhat did virtual representation mean?117
8692743065It kept the idea of parliament taxation aliveWhy was the tax on tea retained when the Townshend acts were repealed118
8692743066Not the only protestWas the Boston Tea Party an only protest?119
8692743067It granted Quebec a religious tolerance and trail by juryWhat did the Quebec act do?120
8692743068To consider ways of redressing colonial grievancesWhy was the First Continental Congress called?121
8692743069Second-rate officers; the need to keep many soldiers in Europe in case of trouble; long supply lines; brutal treatment of their soldiersWhat were some weaknesses of the British Army?122
8692743070Both the Americans and the BritishWho did the African American fight for during the revolutionary war?123
8692743071Compelling the American Colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empireWhat change in colonial policy by the British government helped precipitate the American Revolution124
8692743072A willingness to subordinate private interests to the common goodWhat did American colonial exponents of Republicanism argue that a just society depended on?125
8692743073Greeks and RomansWhat models did republicans look to as examples of a just society126
8692743074The arbitrary power of the monarchyWhat did the radical whigs fear?127
8692743075A country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount gold and sliver in its treasuryWhat did mercantilists believe128
8692743076Supply Britain with raw materials not available there; furnish ships, seamen, and trade to bolster the strength of the Royal Navy; provide a market for British Manufactured goods; refrain from exporting woolen clothWhat were Americans expected to do under Mercantilist doctrine129
8692743077They were loosely enforcedBefore 1763, the navigation laws were what?130
8692743078The stifled economic initiativeWhy were the Navigation Laws a burden to certain colonists?131
8692743079To raise money to support a new military force needed for colonial defenseWhy did the British Parlament pass the Stamp Act132
8692743080They convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic libertyWhat did the passage of the Sugar Act and Stamp Act do?133
8704905213Courage, sense of justice, moral force, patienceWhat qualities did George Washington exhibit as the commander of America's Revolutionary Army134
8704905214Political reasonsWhy was George Washington chose to lead the colonial army135
8704905215A shortage fo gunpowderWhy did the colonial army eventually lose the Battle of Bunker Hill136
8704905216After the battle of bunker hillWhen did King George III officially declare the colonies in rebellion?137
8704905217It professed American loyalty to the crownWhy did the Olive Branch petition do?138
8704905218The Battle of QuebecAfter what battle did the colonists abandon efforts to capture Canada139
8704905219To explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revoltedWhat was one purpose of the Declaration of Independence140
8704905220The peopleWhere does the power come from in a republic?141
8704905221It called for American Independence and the creation of a democratic republicWhat did Thomas Paine's Common Sense call for?142
8704905222The Battle of Long Island, Camden, Quebec, & the Seige of CahrlestonWhat were some of the British victories143
8704905223Offer the British one last chance at reconciliationWhat did the Declaration of Independence *NOT* do?144
8704905224A minority movementLike many movements, the American Revolution was what?145
8704905225New EnglandWhere were supporters of the English Crown least likely to be from?146
8704905226Saratoga & WashingtonWhat battles revealed Washington at his military best?147
8704905227It brought the colonists into the much needed alliance with FranceWhy was the battle of Saratoga a key victory for the Americans?148
8705748783They wanted to get revenge against the BritishWhy did France come to America's aid in the revolution?149
8705748784Joseph BrantThe Indian Chief who fought for the British in New York and Pennsylvania150
8705748785Cheap land was easily available and America had few landed AristocratsWhy did American avoid the frightful excesses of the French Revolution151
8705748786Little more than a conference of ambassadors with very limited powerWhat was the Second Continental Congress152
8705748787Enforce tax-collecting programsWhat could the Articles of Confederation leave congress unable to do?153
8705748788Prohibit slavery in the old northwestWhat was one farsighted provision in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?154
8705748789Money from land sales towards the national debt; surveys of the land; division into townships by 6 mile squares; money from every 16th section towards educationWhat did the Land Ordinance of 1785 provide?155
8705748790Foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmersWhat provoked Shay's Rebellion156
8705748791A stronger central governmentWhat did Shay's rebellion create a need for in America?157
8705748792A stronger central government was needed?What did the relationship between the 13 states under the Articles of the Confederation create a need for?158
8705748793AntifederalistsThose who opposed ratifying the New Constitution were known as...159
8705846132To preserve the union, forestall anarchy, ensure the security of life and property, curb unrestrained democracyWhat were the motives of the delegates at the 1787 Constitutional convention in Philadelphia160
8705947450Apportioning congressional representationWhat did the Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention work out an acceptable scheme for?161
8705947451Government by the consent of the governed; checks and balances; the sanctity of private property; a strong central governmentThe delegates to the Constitutional convention manifested their common beliefs in what?162
8705947452The consent of the governedThe new constitution established the idea that the only legitimate government was one based on what?163
8705947453State conventionsThe delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new constitution be ratified by who?164

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