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| 47552075 | black codes | laws made in 1865-66 enacted by Southern state legislatures to give whites power over blacks; these laws were overrideen by Congress when the powers of the Freedman's Bureau were widened and when the First Civil Rights Act was passed in 1866 in defense of African American rights. | |
| 47552076 | 14th ammendment | declared that all people born in the United States are automatically citizens | |
| 47552077 | sharecropping | A system in which black laborers rented plots of land and payed their white landlords in either a fixed rent or a share of their crop. | |
| 47552078 | sea islands | Lands were issued to freed slaves and their families as a part of a temporary plan granting each freed family forty acres of tillable land from this location. | |
| 47552079 | 40 acres and a mule | this slogan was created in 1864 and 1865 when the federal government settled nearly 10000 black families on abandoned plantation land often times receiving a single mule for their property. It was an attempt to give the black families a new start. | |
| 47552080 | solid south | A general support the South had for the Democrats from the end of the Reconstruction period (about 1877) to the Civil Rights Era (early 1960s). | |
| 47552081 | 1866 civil rights act | congress's response to the black codes which decalred blacks to be citizens of the United States and gave the government power to intervene in state affairs to protect the rights of its citizens. | |
| 47552082 | election of 1876 | In the election of 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes ran against Samuel J. Tilden. A special electoral commission was created to break the deadlock and the Republican candidate won the election. | |
| 47552083 | Freedman's Bureau | was established shortly before the end of the war and gave former slaves food and medical aid. It also established schools and helped former slaves in the workplace. | |
| 47552084 | 1866 civil rights act | congress's response to the black codes which decalred blacks to be citizens of the United States and gave the government power to intervene in state affairs to protect the rights of its citizens. | |
| 47552085 | presidential construction | Johnson's plan for restoration of the country while Congress was in recess offering forgiveness to those Southerners who would show loyalty | |
| 47552086 | civil rights act of 1866 | This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights. | |
| 47552087 | sharecropping | A system of farming after the Civil War where black agricultural workers would work (mainly for white landowners) for a fixed rent or share of their crop, rather than a fixed wage. Incorrect - A system of farming after the Civil War where black agricultural workers would continue working for their past plantation owners and receive a fixed wage for their work, along with a small portion of their grown crop. | |
| 47552088 | Ku Klux Klan | The largest and most effective organization that used terrorism to frighten or physically bar blacks from voting or exercising citizenship formed in 1866. | |
| 47741407 | 15th ammendment | the 15th amendment forbade the states and the federal gov't to deny suffrage to any citizen on account of "race, color, or previou condition on servitude." | |
| 47741408 | presidential reconstruction | occurred from 1865-1877 and was an attempt from President Abraham Lincoln to reunite the North and the South. Lincoln's Ten-Percent Plan, the Wade-Davis Bill and the Freedmen's Bureau were all part of the reconstruction plan. Because Lincoln's Reconstruction plans were cut short after his assassination in 1865, new President Andrew Johnson took matters into his own hands by announcing that on the ratification of the 13th Amendment Southern states would be re-admitted into the Union. | |
| 47741409 | impeach | occurs in government when the people and or their representatives feel the President has failed to fulfill his duties. The resulting action is a trail before the Senate where the President may make his case and his past actions are put under scrutiny. The Senate will then vote at the end of the trial to determine whether he is impeached or not. | |
| 47741410 | 40 acres and a mule | a temporary plan, also known as Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman in 1865 that granted each freedmen family forty acres of tillable land on islands and the coast of Georgia. The army had a number of unneeded mules which were also granted to these settlers. Although the federal government had confiscated some Confederate lands and given them to freed slaves, it never did this on a massive scale. | |
| 47741411 | radical reconstruction | Occurring shortly after the civil war these changes included radical republicans efforts such as work on a civil rights bill (which was vetoed by Johnson), the 14th amendment, and the Reconstruction Act of 1867. | |
| 47741412 | Ku Klux Klann | was a secret society established in 1866 which used terrorism to frighten or physically prevent blacks from voting, exercising citizenship, or gaining equality. Klan members dressed in costumes, participated in rituals, and established secret languages to further scare outsiders as well as create a mysterious surrounding and a bond between members. The group is famous for their "midnight raids" where they dressed in white sheets and masks, covered their horses in white robes, and terrorized black families and communities. | |
| 47741413 | civil rights act of 1866 | This act stated that all persons born in the United States, without regard to race or color, were now citizens and shared the same basic rights. | |
| 47741414 | sharecropping | A system of farming after the Civil War where black agricultural workers would work (mainly for white landowners) for a fixed rent or share of their crop, rather than a fixed wage. | |
| 47741415 | 15th ammendment | forbade the states and the federal gov't to deny suffrage to any citizen on account of "race, color, or previou condition on servitude." | |
| 47741416 | presidential reconstruction | Johnson's plan for restoration of the country while Congress was in recess offering forgiveness to those Southerners who would show loyalty | |
| 47741417 | election of 1876 | Race for the presidency between Republican Rutherford B Hayes and Democrat Samuel J Tilden. The decision of the winner came down to congress but no one knew which house should vote because the Senate was Republican and the House of Reps was Democratic. Congress created a Special Electoral Commission consisting of 5 senators, 5 House Reps, and 5 justices from the Supreme court. Votes went 8-7 in favor of Hayes. | |
| 47741418 | impeach | Congress did this against Johnson after he fired Edwin M. Stanton, violating the Tenure of Office Act. | |
| 47835716 | 1875 civil rights act | A bill that forbade racial discrimination in all public places. The act was the Radical Republicans' last legislative effort to protect the civil liberties of former slaves. Democrats in the House opposed the bill from the outset and consequently made sure it remained largely ineffectual. | |
| 47835717 | carpetbaggers | A nickname for northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, named for their tendency to carry their possessions with them in large carpetbags. Though some carpetbaggers migrated to strike it rich, most did so to promote modernization, education, and civil rights for former slaves in the South. Some carpetbaggers had influential roles in the new Republican state legislatures, much to the dismay of white southerners. |
