A list of terms, acts, policies, and more from Chapter 32 of the American Pageant 13th Edition APUSH textbook.
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| 8561668045 | Merchant Marine Act of 1920 | Authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled about 1,500 vessels, to get rid of a lot of ships at bargain prices, thus reducing the size of the navy. | 0 | |
| 8561668046 | Veteran's Bureau | Created to operate hospitals and provide rehabilitation for the disabled. | 1 | |
| 8561668047 | Adjusted Compensation Act | Gave every former soldier a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 years. | 2 | |
| 8561668048 | Washington Conference of 1921-22 | Resulted in a plan that kept a 5:3:3 ratio of ships that could be held by the U.S., Britain, and Japan (in that order). | 3 | |
| 8561668049 | Four-Power Treaty | Bound Britain, Japan, France, and the U.S. to preserve the status quo in the Pacific. | 4 | |
| 8561668050 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | This was a 1929 agreement that promised to never make war again and settle all disputes peacefully. Sixty-two nations signed this agreement. Though idealistic, the treaty was hard to enforce and had no provisions for the use of economic or military force against a nation that may break the treaty. | 5 | |
| 8561668051 | Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law | Raised the tariff as high as 38.5%. This was designed to equalize the price of American and foreign products. | 6 | |
| 8561668052 | Teapot Dome Scandal | Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall leased land to oilmen Harry F. Sinclair and Edward L. Doheny, but not until Fall had received a bribe of $100,000 from Doheny and three times that from Sinclair. This action polluted the government's prestige and made the public wonder about the sufficiency of government and undermined people's faith in the courts | 7 | |
| 8561668053 | McNary-Haugen Bill | This was favored by agricultural states. It was pushed to keep high prices on agricultural products by authorizing the government to purchase agricultural surpluses and selling them. The losses of the government could be repaid by a special tax on the farmers. It was passed twice by Congress and vetoed twice by Coolidge. | 8 | |
| 8561668054 | Dawes Plan | This was an attempt to pay off the damages from WWI. This intricate monetary "merry-go-round," as it was often called, had the U.S. give money to Germany who then paid France and Britain for debts of the war. Former allies then paid the U.S. When the Depression hit, the "merry-go-round" stopped. Finland was the only nation to pay off their debts to the very last penny in 1976. The U.S. never received the money it was owed. | 9 | |
| 8561668055 | Rugged Individualism | Hoover's view that America was made great by strong, self-sufficient people. | 10 | |
| 8561668056 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 | This tariff began as a protective measure to assist farmers, but turned out to be the highest protective tariff in the nation's peacetime history. It raised the duty on goods from 38.5 percent to 60 percent in 1930 | 11 | |
| 8561668057 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | This became a government lending bank in 1932. It was designed to provide indirect assistance to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and even hard-pressed state and local governments. Passed under President Hoover, this marked a changed in his normal laissez faire outlook. | 12 | |
| 8561668058 | Bonus Expeditionary Force | This was a group of almost 20,000 World War I veterans who were hard-hit victims of the depression. They wanted what the government owed them for their services and "saving" democracy. They marched to Washington and set up public camps and erected shacks on vacant lots. They tried to intimidate Congress into paying them, but Hoover had them removed by the army, which shed a negative light on Hoover. | 13 | |
| 8561668059 | Black Tuesday | Occurred on October 29, 1929, when 16,410,030 shares of stocks were sold in a save-what can scramble. It marked the beginning of the Great Depression | 14 | |
| 8561668060 | Hoover-Stimson Doctrine | This said that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions that were taken over by force. This is related to Japanese aggression in Manchuria in 1931. | 15 | |
| 8561668061 | The Ohio Gang | Was a group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation, even though he wasn't involved. | 16 | |
| 8561668062 | New Deal | FDR's policy that focused on Relief, Recovery, and Reform in response to the New Deal | 17 | |
| 8561668063 | Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 | Gave the president the power to regulate banking transactions and reopen solvent banks | 18 | |
| 8561668064 | "Fireside Chats" | FDR's radio addresses, gave assurances about safety of banks | 19 | |
| 8561668065 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | Guaranteed a person's savings in the event of a bank failure | 20 | |
| 8561668066 | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | Provided employment for 3 million men; jobs included firefighting, reforestation, flood control, etc. | 21 | |
| 8561668067 | Works Progress Administration | Spent $11 billion on public buildings, bridges, roads, etc. 9 million people were employed | 22 | |
| 8561668068 | National Recovery Act (NRA) | This act was created in 1933 as a helping hand for industry, labor, and the unemployed. It granted labor additional benefits and guaranteed the right to organize through representatives of their own choosing. It was a part of FDRs New Deal plan, but was later declared unconstitutional. It's symbol was the "Blue Eagle" and its slogan was "We Do Our Part" since it encouraged cooperation between businesses rather than competition. | 23 | |
| 8561668069 | Public Works Administration (PWA) | Built dams such as the Grand Coulee, helped create electrical power and irrigation for farmland | 24 | |
| 8561668070 | Twenty-First Amendment | Ended Prohibition and allowed the distribution of alcoholic beverages to commence once again | 25 | |
| 8561668071 | Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | Paid farmers to not grow crops, later declared unconstitutional | 26 | |
| 8561668072 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Was the first government-owned corporation. It was started to create jobs and build dams to supply electricity to poor areas. | 27 | |
| 8561668073 | Social Security Act | This law created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. They would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money. | 28 | |
| 8561668074 | Court Packing Plan | FDR's plan to increase size of Supreme Court in order to favor his New Deal policies; he could appoint a new judge for every judge over 70 years of age | 29 | |
| 8561668075 | Twenty Amendment | Changed the calendar of Congressional sessions and the date of the presidential inauguration to January 20th. In short, it shortened the length of lame duck presidents. | 30 | |
| 8561668076 | Wagner Act/National Labor Relations Act | This act set up the National Labor Relations Board. It reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively. | 31 | |
| 8561668077 | Congress of Industrial Organizations | This labor union formed in the ranks of the AF of L. It consisted of unskilled workers. The AF of L got scared of their influence on workers and suspended all members of the CIO. In 1938 it broke with the AF of L. By 1940 it had 4 million members. | 32 | |
| 8561668078 | Liberty League | Consisted of the conservatives that opposed the New Deal introduced by FDR. Their common opinion was that FDR was pushing the United States too close to socialism. They saw the New Deal as being more apt to hurt United States economy than to help it. | 33 |
