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| 7466968906 | 1st Amendment | Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly and Petition | 0 | |
| 7466968907 | 2nd Amendment | Right to bear arms | 1 | |
| 7466968908 | 3rd Amendment | Prohibited quartering troops in private homes | 2 | |
| 7466968909 | 4th Amendment | no illegal search and seizure or property (The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.) | 3 | |
| 7466968910 | 5th Amendment | no double jeopardy (No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.) | 4 | |
| 7466968911 | 6th Amendment | Right to a speedy trial by jury in criminal cases (In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.) | 5 | |
| 7466968912 | 7th Amendment | Right to a trial by jury in civil cases (In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.) | 6 | |
| 7466968913 | 8th Amendment | No excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishment (Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.) | 7 | |
| 7466968914 | 9th Amendment | There are more rights reserved to people outside the Bill of Rights (The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people) | 8 | |
| 7466968915 | 10th Amendment | Other rights reserved to states. "States Rights Amendment" (The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.) | 9 | |
| 7466968916 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system to assist the Supreme Court | 10 | |
| 7466968917 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. Father of the Federalist party. | 11 | |
| 7466968918 | tariffs | a tax on foreign goods brought into a country | 12 | |
| 7466968919 | funding at par | Alexander Hamilton's idea on how to improve U.S. credit and unity. The federal government would take on all state debts, as well as its own. It would pay the debts off at face value, then pay interest. Together, it was a huge 54 million dollar debt. | 13 | |
| 7466968920 | whiskey tax | Part of the excise taxes, it added a tax on whiskey at seven cents a gallon. This helped pay of some of the debt. | 14 | |
| 7466968921 | Bank of the United States | created by Alexander Hamilton, designed to stimulate business, keep money in circulation, and get the United States out of debt. it would handle tax receipts, among other government funds, & print and issue paper money | 15 | |
| 7466968922 | strict interpretation | A way of INTERPRETING the Constitution that allows the Federal Gov't to ONLY do those things SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the Constitution. Based on the 10th Amendment. (Jefferson's viewpoint) | 16 | |
| 7466968923 | elastic clause | the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers (implied powers) | 17 | |
| 7466968924 | loose interpretation | A way of INTERPRETING the Constitution that allows the Federal Gov't to take actions THAT the Constitution doesn't forbid it from taking. Based on the elastic clause. (Hamilton's viewpoint) | 18 | |
| 7466968925 | Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion | 19 | |
| 7466968926 | Federalist party | founded by Alexander Hamilton, it was a political party created in the 1790s that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade | 20 | |
| 7466968927 | democratic-republicans | founded by Thomas Jefferson in the 1790s, its goal was to keep the federal govt as weak as possible, promote a strict interpretation of the constitution, and promote agriculture and farming (as opposed to industrialization/commerce) | 21 | |
| 7466968928 | French Revolution | an uprising of the people that led to the end of the French monarchy and the beheading of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. America was happy until violence ensues under the reign of terror. | 22 | |
| 7466968929 | Neutrality Proclamation | a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict | 23 | |
| 7466968930 | Jay's Treaty 1794 | Britain promised to evacuate the chain of posts on U.S soil, and pay damages for the recent seizures on American ships. Britain forced John Jay to give ground by binding the U.S to pay debts still owed to Britain on pre-Revolutionary Account. | 24 | |
| 7466968931 | Pinckney's treaty | agreement made between Spain and the US, where the US got the northern part of florida and free access to the mississippi river | 25 | |
| 7466968932 | Washington's Farewell Address | says to remain neutral, isolationist, and avoid permanent alliances. He also warned against forming political factions (parties). | 26 | |
| 7466968933 | John Marshall | appointed chief justice by John Adams | 27 | |
| 7466968934 | xyz affair | 1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. | 28 | |
| 7466968935 | alien laws | Laws in which residence before citizenship changed from five years to fourteen, and the President was given power to deport (in times of peace) or imprison (in times of war) dangerous immigrants | 29 | |
| 7466968936 | compact theory | popular amoung the English political philosophers in the eighteenth century. In America, it was supported by Jefferson and Madison. It meant that the thirteen states, by creating the federal government, had entered into a contract about its jurisdiction. The national government was the agent of the states. This meant that the individual states were the final judges of the national government's actions. It was the basis for the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions passed in 1798. It was used to try to stop the Federalist abuses like the Alien and Sedition Acts. | 30 | |
| 7466968937 | nullification | The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution. | 31 | |
| 7466968938 | Hamiltonian Federalists | Well to do merchants, large planters, investors, concentrated in urban areas. Supremacy of natl govt. Broad interpretation of the Constitution. Criticized as pro-English. Favored commercial/industrial development. | 32 | |
| 7466968939 | John Jay | appointed the first Supreme Court Chief Justice by Washington | 33 | |
| 7466968940 | Sedition Act | impeding policies of the government or attacking government officials in the press would result in jail time | 34 | |
| 7466968941 | Virginia and Kentucky resolutions | written by Jefferson and Madison; developed the idea of nullification. | 35 | |
| 7466968942 | John Adams | 2nd president of the U.S. | 36 |
