Terms : Hide Images
| 1730619705 | John Calvin | Religious Leader / Elaborated Luther's ideas in Institutes of the Christian Religion; God is All Powerful & All Knowing | 0 | |
| 1730619706 | Anne Hutchinson | Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority. | 1 | |
| 1730619707 | Roger Williams | A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south | 2 | |
| 1730619708 | Henry Hudson | An English explorer who explored for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present day New York and called it New Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him | 3 | |
| 1730619709 | William Bradford | A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. | 4 | |
| 1730619710 | Peter Stuyvesant | A Dutch General; He led a small military expedition in 1664. He was known as "Father Wooden Leg". Lost the New Netherlands to the English. He was governor of New Netherlands | 5 | |
| 1730619711 | William Laud | Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I in England. He tried to force the Scottish to use the English Book of Common Prayer. He was later executed by Parliament during the English Civil War. | 6 | |
| 1730619712 | Thomas Hooker | A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government. | 7 | |
| 1730619713 | William Penn | A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution. | 8 | |
| 1730619714 | John Winthrop | 1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president. | 9 | |
| 1730619715 | King Phillip | 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | 10 | |
| 1730619716 | John Cotton | Criticized the Church of England, fled to Massachusetts Bay Colony, defended government's duty to enforce religious rules | 11 | |
| 1730619717 | Sir Edmund Andros | An early colonial English governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England. | 12 | |
| 1730619718 | Gustavus Adolphus | (1594-1632) Swedish Lutheran who won victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the battles. | 13 | |
| 1730619719 | William and Mary | King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because only protestants could be office-holders. | 14 | |
| 1730619720 | Massasoit | Chief of the Wampanoag Indians who helped the Pilgrims survive. They had peace for 40 years until his death. | 15 | |
| 1730619721 | Fernando Gorges | was an early English colonial entrepreneur and founder of the now state of Maine | 16 | |
| 1730619722 | Myles Standish | Captain on the Mayflower; he later rendered indispensable service as an Indian fighter and negotiator | 17 | |
| 1730619723 | Martin Luther | 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion. | 18 | |
| 1730619724 | Michael Wigglesworth | New England clergyman who wrote the popular poem "Day of Doom", which told the horrifying fate of the damned | 19 | |
| 1730619725 | Squanto | Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag. | 20 | |
| 1730619726 | Fernando Gorges | was an early English colonial entrepreneur and founder of the now state of Maine | 21 | |
| 1730619727 | The "Elect" | the name for the people who are the ones who God has chosen to save in predestination. This is the belief of the Calvinism religion and that only these people can be saved and ordinary people cannot earn salvation. This belief was started by John Calvin in 1536 in France when he published "Institutes of the Christian Religion" and is still the belief of Calvinists today. | 22 | |
| 1730619728 | Franchise | A legal agreement that gives an individual the right to market a company's products or services in a particular area. | 23 | |
| 1730619729 | Predestination | (theology) being determined in advance especially the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind) | 24 | |
| 1730619730 | Freemen | Farmers that had served their period of indentured servitude and were no longer under contract | 25 | |
| 1730619731 | "Visible Saints" | A religious belief developed by John Calvin held that a certain number of people were predestined to go to heaven by God. This belief in the elect, or "visible saints," figured a major part in the doctrine of the Puritans who settled in New England during the 1600's. | 26 | |
| 1730619732 | Conversion | A radical reorientation of one's whole life away from sin and evil and toward God. This is a central element of Christ's preaching, of the Church's ministry of evangelization, and of the Sacrament of Penance. | 27 | |
| 1730619733 | Doctrine of Calling | A doctrine believed by John Winthrop and many Puritans instructing them to do God's work. | 28 | |
| 1730619734 | Covenant | (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return | 29 | |
| 1730619735 | Antinomianism | An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson. | 30 | |
| 1730619736 | Sumptuary Laws | these regulated the dress of different classes forbidding people from wearing clothes of their social superiors | 31 | |
| 1730619737 | Salutary Neglect | An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies | 32 | |
| 1730619738 | Passive Resistance | Civil disobedience. Nonviolent protest. Espoused by Gandhi. | 33 | |
| 1730619739 | "City Upon a Hill" | name for Mass. Bay Colony coined by Winthrop to describe how their colony should serve as a model of excellence for future generations | 34 | |
| 1730619740 | Protestant Reformation | 16th century series of religious actions which led to establishment of the Protestant churches. Led by Martin Luther | 35 | |
| 1730619741 | Pilgrims | A member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas. | 36 | |
| 1730619742 | New England Confederation | 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies. | 37 | |
| 1730619743 | Calvinism | A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. | 38 | |
| 1730619744 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | 1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government. | 39 | |
| 1730619745 | Dominion of New England | 1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. | 40 | |
| 1730619746 | Institutes of the Christian Religion | a organized explanation of the doctrine and principles of the theology of the reformers written by Calvin when he was 26. Inspired by Luther, this book gave him international praise and gave Protestantism intellectual force and legitimacy. | 41 | |
| 1730619747 | Navigation Laws | Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America | 42 | |
| 1730619748 | Great Migration | Movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 | 43 | |
| 1730619749 | Glorious Revolution | People of old England dethroned James II and enthroned William and Mary; caused Dominion of New England collapsed | 44 | |
| 1730619750 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. | 45 | |
| 1730619751 | General Court | A Puritan representative assembly elected by the freemen; they assisted the governor; this was the early form of Puritan democracy in the 1600's | 46 | |
| 1730619752 | Dutch West India Company | Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa | 47 | |
| 1730619753 | Seperatists | Pilgrims. Gave themselves this name because they highly condemned the Church of England. | 48 | |
| 1730619754 | Bible Commonwealth | name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints. | 49 | |
| 1730619755 | Quakers | religious group that refused to support the Church of England w/ taxes; had simple meetinghouses; believed they were all children in the sight of God; pacifists; established themselves in Pennsylvania | 50 | |
| 1730619756 | Mayflower | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | 51 | |
| 1730619757 | Protestant Ethic | Sociological term used to define the Calvinist belief in hard work to illustrate selection in elite group | 52 | |
| 1730619758 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | 53 | |
| 1730619759 | Fundamental Orders | Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America. | 54 | |
| 1730619760 | French Huguenots | French protestants who came to the New World to escape religious prosecution in France | 55 | |
| 1730619761 | Scottish Presbyterians | one group of Puritan American settlers who were Calvinists | 56 | |
| 1730619762 | Church of England | Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife | 57 | |
| 1730619763 | Dutchification | The separatists that migrated to Holland became increasingly unhappy with their location. Why? | 58 | |
| 1730619764 | Plymouth Bay | Where the Pilgrims mistakenly sailed to from the Netherlands in 1620 and ended up settling there; outside of Virginia Company domain- had no legal rights to settle and claim land there | 59 | |
| 1730619765 | Congregational Church | A church grown out of the Puritan church, was established in all New England colonies but Rhode Island. It was based on the belief that individual churches should govern themselves | 60 | |
| 1730619766 | Pequot War | Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed | 61 | |
| 1730619767 | Dutch "Golden Age" | also known as Era of Rembrandt; 17th century; period of time when the Netherlands emerged as major commercial, naval power, and became the leading colonial power in East-Indies | 62 | |
| 1730619768 | New Netherland | A Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers although the colony centered in New Amsterdam | 63 | |
| 1730619769 | New Amsterdam | A settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island | 64 | |
| 1730619770 | New Sweden | Swedish fur-trading community established with the assistance of the Dutch on the Delaware River in 1638 and absorbed by New Netherland in 1655 | 65 | |
| 1730619771 | Penn's Woodland | literal translation of "Pennsylvania"; what William Penn named his colony, but in honor of his father, not himself | 66 |
