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AP US History: American Pageant Chapter 8 Flashcards

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7466961256George WashingtonMilitary commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (1789-1799).0
7466961257William HoweBritish General who attacked New York with 35,000 men and attacked Philadelphia when he should have been going to help Burgoyne up the Hudson River during the Battle of Bunker Hill.1
7466961258Nathanael GreenQuaker-born member of Washington's General staff who lost the Battle of Washington Heights, but later led the American forces to victory in the South in 1781.2
7466961259Benedict ArnoldAmerican General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.3
7466961260John BurgoyneBritish general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777.4
7466961261Charles CornwallisA British general, he lost to Nathaniel Green in one campaign. He was humiliated by his defeat in the colonies. He finally lost at the Battle of Yorktown, commonly known as the end of the war, in 1781.5
7466961262Thomas PaineAmerican Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809), wrote "Common Sense"6
7466961263Richard Henry LeeA member of the Philadelphia Congress during the late 1770's. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." This resolution was the start of the Declaration of Independence and end to British relations.7
7466961264Horatio GatesThe famous general during the Saratoga campaign for the colonists. He was an ex British general who was one of the most controversial fighters when he almost took Washington's place.8
7466961265John Paul JonesAmerican naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight."9
7466961266Thomas JeffersonHe was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.10
7466961267Marquis de LafayetteFrench soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.11
7466961268Patrick HenryA leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies, "Give me liberty or give me death".12
7466961269Comte de RochambeauCommanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops in the summer of 1780 and arrived in Newport, Rhode Island. They were planning a Franco - American attack on New York.13
7466961270John JayAmerican delegate who signed Treaty of Paris; New York lawyer and diplomat who negotiated with Britain and Spain on behalf of the Confederation; he later became the first chief justice of the Supreme Court and negotiated the Jay Treaty14
7466961271Ethan AllenA Vermont blacksmith. Led the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Won the Fort, and a valuable supply of cannons and gun powder, and control of a key route into Canada.15
7466961272Abigail AdamsWife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.16
7466961273George IIIEnglish monarch at the time of the revolution. He was the main opposition for the colonies due to his stubborn attitude and unwillingness to hear out colonial requests/grievances.17
7466961274mercenariesprofessional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them.18
7466961275natural rightsthe idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property19
7466961276privateeringa system in the colonial era by which privately-owned and operated ships were used to raid enemy shipping20
7466961277Second Continental CongressConvened in May 1775, they opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, they offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition.21
7466961278Common Sense1776: a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation22
7466961279Declaration of IndependenceDrafted in 1776 by T. Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain (3 parts-New theory of government, reasons for separation, formal declaration of war and independence)23
7466961280LoyalistsAmerican colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence24
7466961281ToriesColonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution.25
7466961282PatriotsAmerican colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won26
7466961283WhigsConservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster27
7466961284Treaty of Paris of 1783A peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States.28
7466961285Bunker Hill(June 17, 1775) Site of a battle early in the Revolutionary War. This battle contested control of two hills (Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill) overlooking Boston Harbor. The British captured the hills after the Americans ran-out of ammunition. "Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!" Battle implied that Americans could fight the British if they had sufficient supplies.29
7466961286Battle of SaratogaAmerican victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.30
7466961287Battle of YorktownLast major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.31

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