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AP US History: American Pageant Chapter 8 Flashcards

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7627351441George WashingtonMilitary commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (1789-1799).0
7627351442William HoweBritish General who attacked New York with 35,000 men and attacked Philadelphia when he should have been going to help Burgoyne up the Hudson River during the Battle of Bunker Hill.1
7627351444Benedict ArnoldAmerican General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.2
7627351445John BurgoyneBritish general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777.3
7627351447Thomas PaineAmerican Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809), wrote "Common Sense"4
7627351448Richard Henry LeeA member of the Philadelphia Congress during the late 1770's. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." This resolution was the start of the Declaration of Independence and end to British relations.5
7627351451Thomas JeffersonHe was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.6
7627351452Marquis de LafayetteFrench soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.7
7627351453Patrick HenryA leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies, "Give me liberty or give me death".8
7627351454Comte de RochambeauCommanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops in the summer of 1780 and arrived in Newport, Rhode Island. They were planning a Franco - American attack on New York.9
7627351455John JayAmerican delegate who signed Treaty of Paris; New York lawyer and diplomat who negotiated with Britain and Spain on behalf of the Confederation; he later became the first chief justice of the Supreme Court and negotiated the Jay Treaty10
7627351456Ethan AllenA Vermont blacksmith. Led the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise attack on Fort Ticonderoga. Won the Fort, and a valuable supply of cannons and gun powder, and control of a key route into Canada.11
7627351457Abigail AdamsWife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.12
7627351458George IIIEnglish monarch at the time of the revolution. He was the main opposition for the colonies due to his stubborn attitude and unwillingness to hear out colonial requests/grievances.13
7627351459mercenariesprofessional soldiers who fight for anyone who will pay them.14
7627351460natural rightsthe idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property15
7627351462Second Continental CongressConvened in May 1775, they opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, they offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition.16
7627351463Common Sense1776: a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation17
7627351464Declaration of IndependenceDrafted in 1776 by T. Jefferson declaring America's separation from Great Britain (3 parts-New theory of government, reasons for separation, formal declaration of war and independence)18
7627351465LoyalistsAmerican colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence19
7627351466ToriesColonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution.20
7627351467PatriotsAmerican colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won21
7627351468WhigsConservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. Included Clay and Webster22
7627351469Treaty of Paris of 1783A peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States.23
7627351470Bunker Hill(June 17, 1775) Site of a battle early in the Revolutionary War. This battle contested control of two hills (Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill) overlooking Boston Harbor. The British captured the hills after the Americans ran-out of ammunition. "Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!" Battle implied that Americans could fight the British if they had sufficient supplies.24
7627351471Battle of SaratogaAmerican victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.25
7627351472Battle of YorktownLast major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.26
7627397604Lexington and concordFirst military engagements of the American Revolution27
7627421033HessiansGerman soldiers28
7627431214RepublicThe people have a say in their gov. Came from Greece and rome29
7627444549Iroquois confederacyPeace keeping organization between 5 iroquois nations30
7627462699John adamsOne of the 3 peple to sign treaty of Paris, 2nd president31
7627470157George Rodgers clarkPushed west and gained all land to Mississippi32
7627479886Olive branch petitionLast attempt by America to stay part of Britain33
7627491178Natural aristocracyAristocracy that comes out of work and competition rather than burth, esucation, or special privelege34
7627532646Treaty of stanwixFirst treaty between the colonies and the Iroquois, Indians had to give up most of their land35
7627543680Benjamin franklinOne of the three to sign treaty of paris, also went to France to ask for help with the revolution36

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