Kennedy/Cohen/Bailey; The American Pageant: key tems, people and chronology
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| 217054714 | Revolution of 1800 | Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system | |
| 217054715 | Patronage | In politics it's the granting of favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | |
| 217054716 | Judiciary Act of 1801 | One of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federalist Congress. It created 16 new federal judgeships and other judicial offices. This was Adams's last attempt to keep Federalists power in the new Republican Congress. His goal was for federalists to dominate the judicial branch of government. | |
| 217054717 | Midnight Judges | The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration. | |
| 217054718 | Marbury v. Madison | The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789) | |
| 217054719 | Tripolitan War | Also called the Barbary Wars, this was a series of naval engagements launched against Pasha of Trioli by President Jefferson in an effort to stop the attacks on American merchant ships by the Barbary pirates. The war was inconclusive, afterwards, the U.S. paid a tribute to the Barbary states to protect their ships from pirate attacks. | |
| 217054720 | Louisiana Purchase | territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million Ex. extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada | |
| 217054721 | Corps of Discovery | Official name of the Lewis and Clark Expedition members | |
| 217054722 | Orders in Council | Britain in 1806 blockade the ports of France and its allies, thereby preventing neutral nations from trading with these nations | |
| 217054723 | Impressment | British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service | |
| 217054724 | Chesapeake affair | 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology | |
| 217054725 | Embargo Act | Signed by Thomas Jefferson in 1807 the Act forbade the export of goods from the U.S. in order to hurt the economies of the warring nations of France and Britain. The act slowed the economy of New England and the south. The act was seen as one of many precursors to war. | |
| 217054726 | Non-Intercourse Act | 1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2. | |
| 217054727 | Macon's Bill No. 2 | 1810 opened free trade with the world and if Britain or France, repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the nonrepealing country. Napoleon tricked the US by implying France would repeal French degrees if Britain lifted its Orders in Council. Britain refused, so President Madison was forced to reestablish the embargo against Britain alone, ending neutrality and possibly the final step to war | |
| 217054728 | War Hawks | Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand | |
| 217054729 | Battle of Tippecanoe | 1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison crushes them in this battle ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi. | |
| 217054730 | Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States Ex. chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore it (1743-1826) | |
| 217054731 | Sally Hemings | a slave owned by Thomas Jefferson, who, according to some, was the mother of some of Thomas Jefferson's children | |
| 217054732 | Albert Gallatin | He was Jefferson's secretary. Jefferson and Gallatin believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. Taxes would suck money from industrious farmers and put it in the hands of wealthy creditors. | |
| 217054733 | John Marshall | United States jurist Ex. as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835) | |
| 217054734 | Samuel Chase | Federalist supreme court justice of whom the Democratic-Republican Congress tried to remove in retaliation of the John Marshall's decision regarding Marbury; was impeached by the House in 1804 but acquitted by the Senate. | |
| 217054735 | Napolean Bonaparte | 1769-1821. French military and political leader. General during French Revolution (he overthrew the directory; proclaimed himself emporer and created a French empire in Europe), Ruler of France as First Consul of French Republic, King of Italy, Mediator of Swiss Confederation, and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine | |
| 217054736 | Robert R. Livingston | As US Minister to France along with James Monroe, negotiated in Paris for the Louisiana land area, signed a treaty on April 30, 1803 ceding Louisiana to the United States for $15 million. | |
| 217054737 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | an important leader of the Haïtian Revolution and the first leader of a free Haiti. In a long struggle again the institution of slavery, he led the blacks to victory over the whites and free coloreds and secured native control over the colony in 1797, calling himself a dictator. | |
| 217054738 | Meriwether Lewis | United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809) | |
| 217054739 | William Clark | United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River. Ex. Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838) | |
| 217054740 | Aaron Burr | United States politician who served as Vice President under Jefferson Ex. he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836) | |
| 217054741 | James Madison | 4th President of the United States Ex. member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836) | |
| 217054742 | Tecumseh | a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813) | |
| 217054743 | Tenskwatawa | the Prophet; inspired a religious revival that spread through many tribes and united them; killed by Harrison at battle of Tippecanoe | |
| 217054744 | 1791 | Toussaint L'Ouverture launches Haitian Revolution | |
| 217054745 | 1800 | Jefferson defeats Adams for presidency | |
| 217054746 | 1801 | Judiciary Act of 1801 | |
| 217054747 | 1801-1805 | Navel war with Tripoli | |
| 217054748 | 1802 | Revised naturalization law Judiciary Act of 1801 repealed | |
| 217054749 | 1803 | Marbury v. Madison Louisiana Purchase | |
| 217054750 | 1804 | Haiti emerges as first independent black republic. Jefferson elected president Impeachment of Justice Chase | |
| 217054751 | 1804-1806 | Lewis and Clark expedition | |
| 217054752 | 1805 | Peace Treaty with Tripoli signed Battle of Trafalgar Battle of Austerlitz | |
| 217054753 | 1805-1807 | Pike's explorations | |
| 217054754 | 1806 | Burr treason trial | |
| 217054755 | 1807 | Chesapeake affair Embargo Act | |
| 217054756 | 1808 | Madison is elected president | |
| 217054757 | 1809 | Non-Intercourse Act replaces Embargo Act | |
| 217054758 | 1810 | Macon's Bill No. 2 Napolean announces (falsely) repeal of blckade degrees Madison reestabishes nonimportation against Britain | |
| 217054759 | 1811 | Battle of Tippecanoe | |
| 217054760 | 1812 | United States declares war on Britain |
