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| 8551209258 | Alexander Graham Bell | Who invented the telephone? | 0 | |
| 8551214408 | Thomas Edison, able to send two telegrams at the same time | Who invented the diplex, and how did it increase the value of the telegraph industry? | 1 | |
| 8551216847 | Thomas Edison | Who was the most productive American inventor of all time? | 2 | |
| 8551217916 | The electric light bulb; brought electric lights to various cities and buildings | What was Thomas Edison's most important invention? | 3 | |
| 8551219887 | Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse; was much more efficient way to transmit electricity than direct current and began powering much of the nation | Who discovered alternating current? What was the importance of alternating current? | 4 | |
| 8553853246 | Cheaper and clean than horse-drawn carriages or steam cars | What were the advantages of electric street cars? | 5 | |
| 8553874333 | Transformed it, made it cleaner, brighter, and more efficient | How did the many inventions during this time period impact modern life? | 6 | |
| 8553877373 | Led to the creation of the automobile industry | Experimentation with gas-powered vehicles led to what? | 7 | |
| 8553882202 | Henry Ford | Who helped revolutionize automobile production through the invention of the assembly line and interchangeable parts? | 8 | |
| 8553885392 | Aircrafts were still extremely dangerous | Why was the aircraft industry not as successful as the automobile industry? | 9 | |
| 8553934449 | Early American Corporations served the public for public benefit while post-war corporations were much larger and more powerful | How were post-civil war corporations different from early American corporations? | 10 | |
| 8553948216 | Gilded Age | Term applied to America in the late 1800s that refers to the shallow display and worship of wealth characteristic of the period, term coined by Mark Twain | 11 | |
| 8553952373 | Cooke convinced many investors to invest in the Northern Pacific Railroad that would connect the breadbasket region to shipping across the Pacific and the Atlantic. Investments began pouring in but the railroads weren't making enough profits. The Franco Prussian War caused grain prices to drop and led to reduced profit on rail lines transporting wheat. Confidence in rail investments was undermined and in 1873 Cooke declared bankruptcy | How did Jay Cooke almost destroy the American economy in the 1870s? | 12 | |
| 8553988082 | Panic of 1873 | A major economic downturn, launched when the country's leading financier Jay Cooke went bankrupt during which thousands lost their jobs and from which the country took years to recover | 13 | |
| 8553995177 | Showed the boom and bust cycle of the new economy and how banking and railroads connected all aspects of the economy | What did the Panic of 1873 show? | 14 | |
| 8554013797 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | Who profited the most after the Panic of 1873? | 15 | |
| 8554031951 | Through his global steamship empire and the purchasing of railroads such as New York & Harlem Railroad, the Hudson River Railroad, and the New York Central Railroad | How did Vanderbilt gain so much of his wealth? | 16 | |
| 8554043657 | Richest | By 1877 Vanderbilt was the _______ man in America | 17 | |
| 8554062079 | By becoming corporate pirates, watering the stock, and trying to control the nation's gold supply through buying and hoarding gold to increase the demand | How did Daniel Drew, Jay Gould, and Jim Fisk gain their wealth? | 18 | |
| 8554074793 | Ordered the government to sell $4 million in gold to bring the price back down but the group sold their gold as well and became very wealthy. | What did President Grant do after he learned of Drew, Gould, and Fisk's scheme to control the nation's gold supply? | 19 | |
| 8554083460 | Severely hurt the economy and ruined those who had invested in gold | What was the impact of Drew, Gould, and Fisk's scheme to control the gold supply? | 20 | |
| 8554107574 | By refining oil with his own refineries, dominating the Cleveland refining market by using local crude oil supplies and rail lines running through Cleveland, and keeping costs of oil low | How did John D. Rockefeller gain his wealth? | 21 | |
| 8554120834 | Standard Oil Company and the Standard Oil Trust | What companies did John D. Rockefeller establish? | 22 | |
| 8554127220 | To buy out rival refineries | What was the purpose of Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust? | 23 | |
| 8554130835 | Horizontal Integration | The merger of competitors in the same industry. Became a horizontal monopoly where all of the industry was integrated | 24 | |
| 8554153394 | By producing his own tank cars and leasing them to railraods | How did Rockefeller make it hard for his competitors to transport oil? | 25 | |
| 8554180106 | Standard Oil | In the 1890s, what company was the largest oil producer and refiner in America? | 26 | |
| 8554183784 | Anti-monopoly laws | Lack of what allowed Rockefeller to build his empire? | 27 | |
| 8554187312 | A bigger resource and more important | As more industries increased the demand for oil, Oil became what? | 28 | |
| 8554189973 | Through the increasing importance of steel | How did Andrew Carnegie hope to dominate American commerce? | 29 | |
| 8554217555 | Costs | Carnegie's constant focus on what, allowed him to dominate the steel industry? | 30 | |
| 8554220679 | Carnegie Steel | By the 1890s what was the largest single company in the steel business? | 31 | |
| 8554220680 | Vertical Integraton | The consolidation of numerous production functions, from the extraction of the raw materials to the distribution and marketing of the finished products, under the direction of one firm | 32 | |
| 8554246411 | Political influence and power | Corporation leaders used their money to ensure what? | 33 | |
| 8554253644 | Single corporations or trusts that dominated the market for its product, creating monopolies by eliminating competition | Free enterprise began being replaced by what? | 34 | |
| 8554259391 | John Pierpont Morgan | During this time period, who had the greatest economic power in the US? | 35 | |
| 8554286167 | To reduce competition | What was JP Morgan's main goal in the railroad industry? | 36 | |
| 8554297046 | Helped him gain other seats on other boards and gave him more knowledge about American industries | Morgan's seat on the board of directors on New York Central helped him in what way? | 37 | |
| 8554314459 | Showed his true power | The Panic of 1893 did what for Morgan? | 38 | |
| 8554316437 | National Cordage Company produced more rope than needed and issued too many promissory notes and going bankrupt. The company's bankruptcy resulted in a drop in many areas of the economy and caused many other companies to go bankrupt as well. | What was the cause of the Panic of 1893? | 39 | |
| 8554349385 | Withdraw gold in the US banks | As a result of the depression of 1893, what did European investors begin to do? | 40 | |
| 8554352502 | The Bankruptcy of the government | European investors continuous withdrawals almost caused what? | 41 | |
| 8554356997 | To put full faith and credit of the House of Morgan behind the government by giving the government $65 million in gold in exchange for 30 year government bonds | What was Morgan's solution to the crisis of 1893? | 42 | |
| 8554374877 | Until the Federal Reserve bank was created in 1916 | House of Morgan served as the federal bank until what? | 43 | |
| 8554432996 | Corporation that brought together Carnegie's assets and Illinois Steel and Rockefeller's iron mines. Created by JP Morgan and was the largest corporation at this time | What was the US Steel Corporation? | 44 | |
| 8554441475 | Giant Monopoly corporations | What was a dominant feature of the US economy? | 45 | |
| 8554444345 | The Middle Class | What class began to emerge during the Gilded Age? | 46 | |
| 8554448240 | Redesign many major American cities such as Washington DC, Cleveland, San Francisco, and Chicago | The city beautiful movement planned to do what? | 47 | |
| 8554517609 | Daniel Burnham | What architect was a leader in the city beautiful movement? | 48 | |
| 8554522630 | Redesigning them to make them more livable | Some architects focused on doing what for urban areas? | 49 | |
| 8554525298 | Water | What was the healthiest aspect of city living? | 50 | |
| 8554533102 | White and Protestant | Most of the middle class was _______ and ___________. | 51 | |
| 8554535341 | Individualistic and optimistic | What was the style of preaching during the Gilded Age? | 52 | |
| 8554551965 | Electoral politcs | What dominated middle class interests? | 53 | |
| 8554553537 | Republican and Democrat | What were the two major parties of this era? | 54 | |
| 8554555374 | Corporate leaders and Protestants outside the South | The Republican Party was the voice of what group? | 55 | |
| 8554557511 | Divided between those who were still connected to antislavery efforts of the original Party and those who wanted to embrace the Gilded Age | How was the Republican Party divided? | 56 | |
| 8554567226 | Stalwarts | A faction of the Republican Party in the 1870s and 1880s who wanted the party to stay true to its earlier support for Reconstruction in the South and who were less connected to the emerging big business interests than others | 57 | |
| 8554569694 | James Garfield | Who did the Republican party nominate for the 1880 election? | 58 | |
| 8554570920 | James Garfield | Who won the election of 1880? | 59 | |
| 8554575598 | He was shot and killed, and his vice president Chester A. Arthur became president | What happened 3 months after James Garfield's inauguration? | 60 | |
| 8554647690 | James Blaine | Who did the Republican party nominate for the 1884 election? | 61 | |
| 8554658197 | Grover Cleveland | Who did the Democratic Party nominate for the 1884 election? | 62 | |
| 8554659849 | Grover Cleveland | Who won the election of 1884? | 63 | |
| 8554662894 | He opposed annexation of Hawaii and expansion | How was Grover Cleveland different from other Republican presidents? | 64 | |
| 8554668784 | Grover Cleveland | Who was the only president in history to serve nonconsecutive terms? | 65 | |
| 8554696099 | Missionary trips to foreign countries | American influence around the world grew during the Gilded Age as a result of what? | 66 | |
| 8554699095 | Western values and American commercialism interests | What ideas did missionary trips bring to foreign countries? | 67 | |
| 8554717801 | An important player in the world market | The increasing industrialization and population of the US made the US what? | 68 | |
| 8554732432 | The risks of the rapid growth in the US industrial productivity. | After the Panic of 1873, many began to worry about what? | 69 | |
| 8554745188 | To find foreign markets to sell American goods to | Since the US only depended on domestic markets, what seemed to be the solution to prevent the US economy from falling? | 70 | |
| 8554752409 | Cuba | What Caribbean island country did the US have a long time interest in? | 71 | |
| 8554760565 | Merchants took advantage of the situation by buying sugar plantations, mines, and ranches | In 1868, when Cuba rebelled against Spain and destroyed their economy, what did US merchants do? | 72 | |
| 8554767176 | Dominant | By 1890, the US was a __________ economic force on Cuba. | 73 | |
| 8554780662 | Gave Mexican revolutionaries a supply of weapons which helped them overthrow the government | When Napoleon III sent French troops to Mexico and appointed Austrian Archduke Maximilian rule of Mexico, what did the US do? | 74 | |
| 8554787783 | Porfirio Díaz | Who took control of Mexican rule after the revolutionaries overthrew Maximilian? | 75 | |
| 8554791713 | US bought railroads, mines, and oil companies and invested $500 million in Mexico making Mexico a major trading partner and giving US major influence in the country | How did US investment in Mexico expand after Porfirio Díaz took control? | 76 | |
| 8554807968 | After bad harvests in Europe, the demand for American food increased, but European countries were nervous about growing dependency on American products and claimed US meat was unsafe to eat causing American outrage and a boycott of French and German goods. | How did the growth of US exports almost cause a trade war between the US, Britain, Germany and France? | 77 | |
| 8554839958 | Because of push and pull factors pushing them out of their home countries and pulling them to the US | Why were immigrants motivated to move? | 78 | |
| 8554852145 | Pogroms | Government-directed attacks against Jewish citizens, property, and villages in tsarist Russia beginning in the 1880s; a primary reason for Russian Jewish migration to the US | 79 | |
| 8554862241 | Violence and poverty as a result of Italy's unification in 1871, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius destroying much farmland | Why did Italians want to leave Italy? | 80 | |
| 8554866996 | Settled in major cities | Where did Italian immigrants settle? | 81 | |
| 8554874338 | Overpopulation, political upheaval, violence and persecution | What factors contributed to increasing immigration to the US from Europe? | 82 | |
| 8554876865 | Chinese Exclusion Act | Federal legislation that suspended Chinese immigration, limited the civil rights of resident Chinese and forbade their naturalization | 83 | |
| 8554886834 | If they proved they had educational, economic, or diplomatic skills worthy enough to be accepted into the country | What was the only way for Chinese immigrants to enter the US? | 84 | |
| 8554902911 | The emperor of Japan had ended a ban on emigration and increased taxes | Why did the number of Japanese immigrants to the US increase? | 85 | |
| 8554907211 | Because of revolutionary violence | Why many Mexicans move to the US? | 86 | |
| 8554911920 | Because of stories of wealth and opportunity, and while the conditions in America were better than the conditions of their home country, immigrants were often disappointed by what they found. | Why did many immigrants come to America? | 87 | |
| 8554928603 | New York with Ellis Island as the immigration center | What city was the main entry point for immigration? | 88 | |
| 8554932756 | Melting Pot | An often popular idea that somehow immigrants from other countries should quickly lose their culture and language and "melt" into being just like other Americans. However many immigrants wanted to hold onto their cultural identity | 89 | |
| 8554940542 | Lower East Side of Manhattan | Where was the heart of the Jewish community? | 90 | |
| 8554944599 | Creation of standard sizes of clothing for men and eventually women. Allowed for the development of mass-produced clothing and allowed the garment trade to shift from made-to order clothing to mass production clothing | Demand for uniforms for the Union Army led to what? | 91 | |
| 8554950447 | Sweatshops | Small, poorly ventilated shops or apartments crammed with workers, often family members, who pieced together garments | 92 | |
| 8554960792 | Barrios | Extensions of Mexican communities stretching along the border, offered familiar comforts to immigrants like traditional foods, clothing, holidays, and festivals | 93 | |
| 8554969751 | Formed their own tight-knit ethnic communities | Immigrants often formed what in their new home? | 94 |
