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AP US History Ch. 25 Flashcards

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9300520517Proposal made by Eisenhower to the UN where the US, the Soviet Union,and the United Kingdom would turn over some of their nuclear material to an international agency for peaceful useWhat was atoms for peace?0
9300529059The US and Soviet Union distrusted each other too much and military spending was too important to American defense industries and jobsWhy was atoms for peace unsuccessful?1
9300538209Keeping the financial costs of the cold War to a minimum, protecting US influences in key corners of the globe and avoid warWhat was Eisenhower's foreign policy focused on?2
9300546296Massive RetaliationPolicy adopted by the Eisenhower administration to limit the costs of the Cold War. Rather than keep a large military presence, the administration used the threat to to use the hydrogen bomb in the Soviet Union expanded its grasp to new territory3
9300549209BrinkmashipWhat was Massive Retaliation also called?4
9300550168CIAEstablished by President Truman and expanded by President Eisenhower, was the nation's spy agency charged with keeping tabs on developments in other countries especially those with communist influences and with engaging in secret missions to advanced American interests5
9300568846Organized a government overthrow of the elected Prime Minister of Iran, Muhammad Mussadegh who may have had communist sympathies in favor of pro-Western Muhammad Rza Shah PahleviWhat action did the CIA take in 1953 in the Middle East to protect American interests?6
9300575220Helped overthrow the elected government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in Guatemala after he tried to create land reform by taking land from the US based United Fruit Company. Company was angry and the US feared a communist movement until the CIA overthrew the governmentWhat action did the CIA take in 1954 in Latin America to protect American interests?7
9300585627Built up anti-US sentimentWhat impact did the actions of the CIA have on the Middle East and Latin America?8
9300619698The US did not interveneWhat was the US policy toward Vietnam and Taiwan?9
9300623250Created a treaty recognizing Austrian independence and made many optimistic about the possibility of co-existenceWhat happened at the 1955 summit meeting between Khrushchev and Eisenhower?10
9300628124Khrushchev denounced Stalin and proposed the de-Stalinization of Russia. Marked a new era in RussiaWhat was the significance of Khrushchev's speech of February 1956?11
9300645582To build the Aswan Dam which would provide electricity, promote industrialization, and irrigate areas of EgyptWhy was the ruler of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser seeking funding from both the US and the Soviet Union?12
9300656102They were angered and the US cancelled their loan to EgyptHow did the US and Soviet Union react when they found out that Nasser was playing both of them for funding?13
9300658276He took control of the Suez CanalHow did Nasser respond when the US cancelled their loan?14
9300659123It was crucial in sending oil to EuropeWhy was the Suez Canal important?15
9300663750With the help of Britain and France, Israel attacked EgyptWhat happened after Nasser took control of the Suez Canal?16
9300679236He was angry and ordered Israel to withdrawHow did Eisenhower react when he found out Israel attacked Egypt?17
9300688039Eisenhower was ignored and the British and French bombed Egypt and Nasser sunk ships and blocked the canalAfter Eisenhower's order to Israel to withdraw what happened?18
9300692438Eisenhower threatened to send troops to EgyptHow did Eisenhower finally get the fighting in Egypt to stop?19
9300696966TrueTrue or False? After the Suez Canal incident, Britain and France never again played a major influence in the Middle East.20
9300698249Discontent with Soviet Rule caused an uprising in Hungary were 40,000 Hungarians were killed after Khrushchev sent troops to end the uprisingWhat happened in Hungary in 1956?21
9300702113SputnikThe world's first space satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 195722
9300706082A Government Space Agency and Improved EducationWhat were two results from the Sputnik launch that impacted the US?23
9300714483National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)A new government agency created in 1958 in response to Sputnik and specifically charged with fostering American space efforts; eventually led to the first manned moon landing and the space shuttle24
9300720871National Defense Education Act (NDEA)Federal aid to improve education, especially science and math education approved by Congress in 195825
9300728588Better Education in RussiaMany thought that Sputnik's launch stemmed from what?26
9300730378Spirit of GenevaA perspective fostered by Eisenhower and Khrushchev that the Cold War might, at the least, be limited by their personal engagement with each other27
9300738589Atmospheric nuclear testing was found to be a health riskWhy did the Soviet Union and the US suspend their nuclear testing?28
9301624048Visit each other in their respective countriesWhat did Eisenhower and Khrushchev agree to do?29
9301629995American U2 reconnaissance plane was shot down as it flew over Russia, the plane and the pilot, Francis Gary Powers were captured. Khrushchev demanded Eisenhower condemn the flights and punish those responsible which Eisenhower did not do, but he did suspend the flightsWhat was the U2 incident?30
9301638811It was setbackHow did the U2 incident impact the progress of peace between the US and Soviet Union?31
9301640225Richard M. Nixon for the Republicans and John F. Kennedy for the DemocratsWho was nominated for the 1960 presidential election?32
9301643998His charming personality, virtually unlimited campaign funds, and his superb campaign teamWhat factors enable John F. Kennedy to capture the Democratic party's nomination for President in the 1960 election33
9301648829Promised to expand US defenses and space missionsWhat were Kennedy's campaign promises?34
9301650526He made a very public call to King's wife and called for King's release, helped him gain many African American votesWhen Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested, what did Kennedy do?35
9301655420Increased prosperity increased the average family income and 62% of homes were owner occupiedWhat were the changes in income and home ownership during the 1950s?36
930457093180%What percentage of homes had a television by 1960?37
9304585396Brought news and current events to many Americans Changed how people viewed politicians and politics with more Americans finding intimacy with leaders and candidates Television shows reaffirmed white, middle class, suburban lifestylesHow did television impact America?38
9304595532Need for support services and infrastructure as well as highways increasedAs the desire for automobiles increased, the need for what also increased?39
9304599343Fund that used revenue from automobiles to build highwaysWhat was the Highway Trust Fund?40
9304607259Interstate Highway SystemA national system of super highways that Congress approved at the urging of Eisenhower in 1956 to improve car and truck travel across the US41
9304613504Made travel by car, truck, and bus easier and cheaper, increased urban, suburban, and rural sprawl and decreased the need for mass transitWhat were the impacts of the Interstate Highway System?42
9304627654Gas StationsWhat was the most widely built new commercial structure?43
9304628939Increased dependency on the Middle East for oilNeed for gas increased what?44
9304635933More Americans became more actively involved in religious organizations, religious programs ere televised and more Americans attended churchHow did the role of religion in the lives of Americans change during the 1950s?45
9304638287Billy GrahamWho was at the center of the religious revival in the 1950s?46
9304645038He was the best known religious leader in the US for the next 50 years, held large sermons and religious revivals and he played a key role in the expansion of religion in the USWhy was Billy Graham important?47
9304652833More Catholic schools, churches, and parishes were built at an increasing rateHow did Catholic America change during the 1950s?48
9304656158Protestants still distrusted Catholics but were becoming more tolerantHow did Protestant views of Catholics change during the 1950s?49
93046601913%What percentage of Americans identified as Jewish?50
9304815292Brought on a renewed interest in the Jewish faith Linked modern thinking with Jewish traditions and inner pietyWhat effect did WWII have on American Jews?51
9304824131African Americans had their own religious revivals separate from WhitesWhat were some developments in African American religious communities?52
9304828314The National Baptist Convention African Methodist Episcopal African Methodist Episcopal ZionWhat were the three largest African American religious bodies?53
9304833944Nation of IslamA religious and political organization founded by Elijah Muhammad that mixed Muslim religious teachings with a campaign for African American separatism, pride, and self determination54
9304844567Government saw religion as a way to counter atheistic communism Added "One nation under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance and "In god we trust" to American currencyHow did the increased religious faith of Americans influence government policies?55
9304853864Dorothy DayName the dissenter: I helped found the Civil Catholic Worker Movement and protested the buildup of nuclear arms and Korean war56
9304855802Myles HortonName the dissenter: I was a socialist party member and I trained leadership for the labor movement and the Civil Rights movement57
9304855803Elvis PresleyName the dissenter: I was a Rock 'n' Roll superstar that worried many people because I represented sultry suggestiveness and non-conformity58
9304855804Alfred KinseyName the dissenter: I wrote "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male" and "Sexual Behavior in the Human Female" which reported statistics on homosexual activity and adultery59
9304855805Hugh HeffnerName the dissenter: I published playboy which linked sexuality with upward mobility and described a good life as one filled with sex, liquor, and smoking60
9304856981Allen GinsbergName the dissenter: I had my poems "Howl and other poems" seized by the police as obscene and was forced to a trial61
9304856982Jack KerouacName the dissenter: I wrote "On the Road" which glorified escape from expectations and conventions62
9304887285Generation that challenged the ideas or conformity in the 1950sWhat was the "beat generation" or "beatniks"63
9304892078Brown v. Board of EducationA supreme court decision in the 1954 declaring that "separate but equal" schools for children of different races violated the constitution64
9304901538National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)What organization began challenging the legality of segregation?65
9304905787Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood MarshallWhat two lawyers took charge of the legal effort of challenging segregation?66
9304911961US Supreme Court ruled Lloyd Gaines could not be rejected by the University of Missouri Law School because of his race. To offer education to whites but not blacks was a denial of equal rightsWhat was the significance of Missouri ex re. Gaines v. Canada, Registrar of the University, et al.?67
9304924578Supreme Court ruled that separate salary schedules for black and white teachers violated the 14th amendmentWhat was the significance of Alston v. School Board of the City of Norfolk?68
9304924579Supreme Court ruled that separate law schools for blacks and whitesWhat was the significance of Sweatt v. Painter?69
9304924580Supreme Court ruled that segregating graduate students violated their equal protection rightsWhat was the significance of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents?70
93049245811896 decision that ruled segregation constitutional "separate but equal"What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?71
9304925480Supreme Court declared segregation in interstate transportation was constitutionalWhat was the significance of Boynton v. Virginia?72
9304964154After the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public school was unconstitutional, governors began resisting integration such as in Little Rock Arkansas where Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to stop nine African American students from enrollingWhat happened at Little Rock Central High School?73
9305037874He sent a thousand US soldiers to secure the school and ensure the students safetyHow did Eisenhower respond to the events at Little Rock High School?74
9305041397She refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white person in Montgomery, AlabamaWhy was Rosa Parks arrested?75
9305044855Sparked a movement to continue challenging segregation and a boycott of the Montgomery bus system and after a year of boycotting, the buses were desegregatedWhat impact did Rosa Parks arrest have?76
9305048114Her experience and training as a civil rights activistWhy was Rosa Parks the right person to challenge segregated public transportation?77
9305064900Southern Christian Leadership ConferenceThe leading clergy-led voice of the southern, nonviolent Civil Rights Movement, founded in 1957 by MLK Jr. and some 60 other black ministers, many veterans of the Montgomery Bus Boycott78
9305067965In 1960, 4 young African Americans sat down at the whites-only lunch counter and were denied service, causing hundreds of other students to join in and caused the de-segregation of lunch countersWhat were the sit-ins and what impact did they have?79
9305085406Organized by the Congress of Racial Equality where African Americans rode on interstate transportation in order to hasten integration on transportation servicesWhat were Freedom Rides?80
9305104683Interstate Commerce Commission ordered de-segregationWhat was the impact of the Freedom Rides?81
9305106483Summer where the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party gained national publicity for the denial of voting rights for African Americans in MississippiWhat was Freedom Summer?82
9305118610Helped organize court cases which challenged the legality of segregationWhat role did the NAACP play in the civil rights movement?83
9305119947Congress of Racial Equality, organized freedom rights to speed up integration of transportation servicesWhat role did the CORE play in the civil rights movement?84
9305120764Southern Christian Leadership Conference Led voice of the Southern, nonviolent Civil rights movementWhat role did the SCLC play in the civil rights movement?85
9305120765Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee that drew heavily on younger activists and college studentsWhat role did the SNCC play in the civil rights movement?86
9305120766First black to enroll at the University of Mississippi, backed by a federal court orderWhat role James Meredith play in the civil rights movement?87
9305120767Chief of the Birmingham police force which arrested 3000 children and set attack dogs and fire hoses on children and adults during a protest to desegregate Birmingham, AlabamaWhat role "Bull" Connor play in the civil rights movement?88
9305120768NAACP field secreatary in Jackson, Mississippi who was murdered on his front porchWhat role did Medgar Evers play in the civil rights movement?89
9305120769A separate Democratic delegation launched as a result of the SNCC led voter registration campaign that challenged the right of the regular, all-white delegation to represent Mississippi at the 1964 Democratic conventionWhat role did the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party play in the civil rights movement?90
9305122070Spokeswoman for the MFDP, helped raise awareness for denial of voting rights for African AmericansWhat role did Fannie Lou Hamer play in the civil rights movement?91
9305165527Struggled with ending segregated housing, poor quality schooling, and economic marginalizationWhat did African Americans in the North struggle with?92
9305173503Malcolm X joined the Nation of Islam and pledged total allegiance to Allah and Elijah Muhammad, however Malcolm began to doubt Elijah and broke with the Nation of IslamWhat was the relationship between Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad?93
9305181963He began to understand and believe in integrationWhat happened to Malcolm X's beliefs about civil rights after he went on a pilgrimage to Mecca?94
9305184814Malcolm X was much more militant and didn't believe in the nonviolent protest MLK practiced and believed inHow was Malcolm X's beliefs about civil rights different from Martin Luther King Jr's beliefs about civil rights?95

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