Based off of The American Pageant 10th Edition textbook for AP US History, and notes from Mr. Toy's class.
(Check: ignore punctuation, capitalization, and information in parenthesis)
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| 672201354 | Sitting Bull | A wily leader of the Sioux Indians; he sat out the Battle of the Little Big Horn while Crazy Horse led the assault. | |
| 672201355 | (George Armstrong) Custer | The "White Chief with Yellow Hair," colonel who discovered gold in the Black Hills on the Sioux reservation, and fought the Battle of the Little Big Horn in an attempt to suppress the Indians. He was seen as a big hero in the East. | |
| 672201356 | Battle of the Little Big Horn | 1876 Battle in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory where Custer's Seventh Cavalry was massacred when they attempted to suppress the Sioux and return them to their reservation. Crazy Horse led the Sioux in battle, and killed every one of Custer's men. The Indians were later pursued over the plains and crushed in a series of battles. | |
| 672201357 | Nez Percé | Indians native to Idaho, Washington, Oregon (tri-state area) whose reservation was shrunk by 90% when gold was discovered in 1877. Led by Chief Joseph, they tried to trek to Canada to rendez-vous with Sitting Bull, but they were captured and sent to Kansas, where 40% of them died. | |
| 672201358 | Apache | Indians of New Mexico and Arizona who were the most difficult to subdue. They were led by Geronimo. They eventually became successful farmers in Oklahoma. | |
| 672201359 | Chief Joseph | Leader of the Nez Percé Indians; attempted to lead them up to Canada to rendez-vous with Sitting Bull when their reservation was downsized, but failed. They were pursued for three months before being captured. He later wrote a very accurate memoir about his experiences. | |
| 672201360 | Geronimo | Most famous Apache leader; hated whites. | |
| 672201361 | (Helen Hunt) Jackson | Massachusetts writer of children's literature; wrote 'A Century of Dishonor' and 'Ramona.' | |
| 672201362 | Ghost Dance cult | Indian cult formed in reaction to the banning of the Sun Dance ritual. When it spread to the Dakota Sioux, it was stopped in 1890 at the Battle of Wounded Knee. The tribes believed that the shirts and spirits of their ancestors would protect them and save their land. | |
| 672201363 | Battle of Wounded Knee | 1890 battle where the Ghost Dance cult was stamped out in the Dakota Sioux. 200 Indian men, women, and children, as well as 29 invading soldiers, died. | |
| 672201364 | Dawes Severalty Act | 1887 act promoting forced assimilation. It dissolved many tribes as legal entities, stopped tribal ownership of land, and gave 160 acres apiece to individual family heads. If Indians were good, they would receive citizenship and the rights to their holdings in 29 years. Land not given to Indians was to be sold to RR's and white settlers. | |
| 672201365 | Comstock Lode | Lode of gold and silver found in Nevada, prompting a huge influx of miners in 1859. More than $340 million of gold and silver was mined from 1860-1890. The influx of settlers led to Nevada being prematurely admitted to the Union in 1864. | |
| 672201366 | Long Drive | Term for the journey cowboys would make to take their herds to railroad terminals, or "cow towns" where they could be to the East. Along the way, the cows grazed for free on government grass. | |
| 672201367 | Wyoming Stock Growers' Association | This group, especially in the 1880's virtually controlled the state of Wyoming and its legislature, demonstrating the power of the big business stockmen. | |
| 672201368 | Homestead Act of 1862 | This law provided that settlers could acquire 160 acres of land (1/4 section) by living on it and improving it over 5 years, and paying $30. OR 6 month's residence and $1.25/acre. It intended to encourage the filling of the open range with family farms. | |
| 672201369 | Grange | The National ______ of the Patrons of Husbandry, organized in 1867. Leader Oliver H. Kelley. Primary objective at first: stimulate the minds of the farm fold by social, educational, and fraternal activities. By 1875 had 800,000 members. Later shifted from focus on individual improvement to the improvement of the lot of all farmers. Their influence faded after the Supreme Ct. ruling in the Wabash case. | |
| 672201370 | Granger Laws | Term for laws passed due to the influence of the Patrons of Husbandry; they were often badly drawn and bitterly fought in high courts. They strove to regulate railway rates and the storage fees charged by railroads and by the operators of warehouses and grain elevators. | |
| 672201371 | Greenback Labor party | This political party combined the inflationary financial tract with support for laborers. They polled over 1 million votes and elected 14 members of Congress. In 1880, they supported James B. Weaver as a candidate for the presidency. | |
| 672201372 | (James B.) Weaver | The candidate of the Greenback Labor Party in the 1880 election. He was an old Granger, a favorite of Civil War veterans. Polled only 3% of the popular vote. | |
| 672201373 | Farmers' Alliances | These organizations cropped up everywhere in the late 1880's, incorporating North and South, white and black. They organized cooperatives and sought to better the lot of farmers. | |
| 672201374 | Populists | These people, members of the People's party, emerged in the early 1890's. They were zealous and attracted people from the Farmers' Alliances. Ignatius Donnelly of Minnesota was a notable figure. | |
| 672201375 | Mary (Elizabeth) Lease | Known as "Mary Yellin'" and "the Kansas Pythoness," she made about 160 speeches in 1890. She criticized Wall Street and the wealthy, and cried that Kansans should raise "less corn and more hell." |
