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| 623479323 | John Calvin | responsible for founding Calvinism, which was reformed Catholicism. He writes about it in "Institutes of a Christian Religion" published in 1536. He believed God was all knowing and everyone was predestined for heaven or hell. | |
| 623479324 | Anne Hutchinson | woman who challenged Puritan Orthodoxy, was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony to Rhode Island for heresy | |
| 623479325 | Roger Williams | He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. | |
| 623479326 | Henry Hudson | Discovered what today is known as the Hudson River. Sailed for the Dutch even though he was originally from England. He was looking for a northwest passage through North America. | |
| 623479327 | William Bradford | He was a leader of the separatist settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. He was the second signer and primary architect of the Mayflower Compact. He is credited as the first to proclaim the first "Thanksgiving." | |
| 623479328 | Peter Stuyvesant | director general of the Dutch New Netherland colony, he was forced to surrender New Netherland to the English | |
| 623479329 | William Laud | Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I Persecuted Puritans Executed by the Long Parliament | |
| 623479330 | Thomas Hooker | Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to settle Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power | |
| 623479331 | William Penn | Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718) | |
| 623479332 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | |
| 623479333 | King Philip | English name for Metacom who forged an alliance among Indians to try to end the spread of English settlement. | |
| 623479334 | John Cotton | major New England Puritan minister. He believed in the right of the Congregational minister to dictate to the faithful, and was seen as a strong upholder of theocracy. He was responsible for the exile of Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams. | |
| 623479335 | Sir Edmund Andros | head of the Dominion of New England, dissolved colonial assemblies, enforced taxes, and tried to take on Puritans | |
| 623479336 | the"elect" | Calvin's term for those destined for salvation, regardless of what actions they may commit during their mortal life on earth. | |
| 623479337 | franchise | synonym for the right to vote | |
| 623479338 | patroonship | Vast Dutch feudal estates fronting the Hudson River in the early 1600's. They were granted to promoters who agreed to settle fifty people on them. | |
| 623479339 | predestination | the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power | |
| 623479340 | freemen | adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations | |
| 623479341 | "visible saints" | These were Puritans who alone were eligible for church membership, and thus were the only people in the Bay Colony who could be voting freemen. They were people who had been predestined to go to Heaven, since the Puritans were strong believers in predestination. | |
| 623479342 | Conversion | a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life | |
| 623479343 | Doctrine of a calling | The Puritan's belief that saved individuals have a religious obligation to do worldly work. Their spiritual intensity caused them to do God's work on earth. | |
| 623479344 | Covenant | an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return | |
| 623479345 | Antinomiamism | It's a religious doctrine that affirms that individual who possessed saving grace were exempt from the rules of good behavior and from the laws of the community. In puritan New England, some beliefs were generally regarded as heresy. | |
| 623479346 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | |
| 623479347 | Pilgrims | Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. | |
| 623479348 | New England Confederation | Military alliance between the New England colonies. Created because of frequent attacks by Indians, the Dutch, and the French, and because England was in the throes of a civil war and wasn't going to send aid. Lasted until 1684. | |
| 623479349 | Calvinism | the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone | |
| 623479350 | Massachusetts Bay Company | Joint-stock company chartered by a group of Puritans. Led by John Winthrop who taught that the new colony should be a model Christian society. Included a governor and a representative assembly | |
| 623479351 | Dominion of New England | combined Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Plymouth (and later Jersey and New York) into one "supercolony" governed by Sir Edmond Andros, a "supergovernor" | |
| 623479352 | Institutes of the Christain Religion | written by calvin, expressed his ideas about god, salvation, and human nature. Created a system of protestant theology | |
| 623479353 | Navigation Laws | Promoted English shipping and control colonial trade; made Americans ship all non-British items to England before going to America | |
| 623479354 | Great Puritan Migration | Mass flight by religious dissidents from the persecutions of Archbishop Laud and Charles i during the 1620s through 1640s | |
| 623479355 | Glorious Revolution | In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. | |
| 623479356 | Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. | |
| 623479357 | Gerneral Court | the colony's legislature, made laws for the whole colonly | |
| 623479358 | Dutch West India Company | Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchants' trade in the Americas and Africa. | |
| 623479359 | Separatists | People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims. | |
| 623479360 | Bible Commonwealth | government in which religious officals make civil rules. name for the Massachusetts Bay colony that refers to its tax supported churches and visible saints | |
| 623479361 | Quakers | English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania | |
| 623479362 | Mayflower | the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620 | |
| 623479363 | Protestant ethic | way of life based on Biblical teaching that God expects all men to work and all work is a noble duty to be performed toward God | |
| 623479364 | Puritan work ethic | 1) Man is called to do work 2) all work has a sense of nobility 3) a Christian serves God best by working diligently and faithfully in his calling | |
| 623479365 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | |
| 623479366 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticutt | Adopted plan of government for Connecticutt. First written constitution. | |
| 623499889 | Pequot War | Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley in 1637. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their narragansett Indian allies. | |
| 623499890 | salutary neglect | term that refers tot he English monarchs' relaxed handling of colonial trade and enforcement of the Navigation Laws | |
| 623499891 | blue laws | laws designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality | |
| 623499892 | Massosoit | chieftan of the Wampanoag; signed a peace treaty with the Puritans; celebrated first Thanksgiving | |
| 623499893 | Duke of York | Kings Charles II's brother who was appointed to drive out the Dutch in present-day New York |
