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| 5514166768 | Characteristics of America at the time (late 1780s to 1790s) | - Population doubling every 25 years - Still 90% rural - 5% lived West of Mountains - KY, TN, and OH resistive and not loyal because the Spanish and British agents offered them independence | 0 | |
| 5514166769 | George Washington won the election _________ | unanimously | 1 | |
| 5514166770 | George Washington's Cabinet | - Constitution didn't mention it - Washington's administration - President "may require" written opinions of the heads of the executive branch departments | 2 | |
| 5514166771 | Three department heads at the time | - Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson - Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton - Secretary of War Henry Knox | 3 | |
| 5514166772 | Anti-feds criticized the Constitution because of the lack of... | guarantees of rights | 4 | |
| 5514166773 | Two ways amendments could be added to the Constitution | - New Constitutional Convention requested by 2/3 of the states - 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress | 5 | |
| 5514166774 | James Madison | - Feared a new convention might make the Federalists lose - Made the Bill of Rights - "Father of the Constitution" | 6 | |
| 5514166775 | Bill of Rights | 1791 - First 10 Amendments - American principles like natural rights, jury, no cruel and unusual punishments, etc. | 7 | |
| 5514166776 | 9th and 10th Amendment | - 9th - Rights not listed in the Constitution are still rights - 10th - Anything the Constitution says Congress doesn't have is up to the states and the people | 8 | |
| 5514166777 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | - Established a Supreme Court with a chief justice & five associates, federal districts & circuit courts, and an established office of the attorney general - John Jay became the first Chief Justice | 9 | |
| 5514166778 | National debt at the time | $75 million | 10 | |
| 5514166779 | Economic plan of Alexander Hamilton | - Wanted to shape policies of the government to favor wealthy groups - Would lend government monetary and political support - Prosperity would trickle down (BEFAT) | 11 | |
| 5514166780 | Funding at par | Federal government would pay off its debts at face value plus accumulated interest (would sell bonds from federal to state to ensure credibility) | 12 | |
| 5514166781 | Why was funding at par made? | There was no public funding for Alex because of the lack of confidence from the public | 13 | |
| 5514166782 | Government bonds | - People didn't trust the Treasury with his plan, so the value of them depreciated by 10 to 15¢ each - Some had many and bought more when Congress passed the plan | 14 | |
| 5514166783 | Assumption | - State debts regarded as national debt because of the Revolution - Would chain states more to the "federal chariot" - Would shift attachment of wealthy creditors from states to federal government | 15 | |
| 5514166784 | Results of Assumption | - States with heavy debt, like MA, appreciated it - States without tax, like VA, wanted some compensation | 16 | |
| 5514166785 | The capital was moved because... | Virginia in the assumption of debt wanted the DOC to be on Potomac River to gain commerce and prestige, so it was passed by Congress | 17 | |
| 5514166786 | Why did Alexander Hamilton believe national debt was a blessing? | More creditors the government owed money to meant more people with a personal stake in enterprise | 18 | |
| 5514166787 | Hamilton's financial structure |  | 19 | |
| 5514166788 | Tariff law | - Revenues would pay for debt, and profits depended on foreign trade - 8% of value of imports - Also designed to put protection around smaller industries (not in Hamilton's original plan — he wanted it to be for larger manufacturers) | 20 | |
| 5514166789 | Excise tax | - Tax on a few domestic items, notably whiskey - 7¢ a gallon - Whiskey was used as currency because it flowed freely in the backcountry | 21 | |
| 5514166790 | Explain the idea of the Bank of the United States | - Hamilton took the model of the English bank - Private institution with government being the primary stockholder - Federal Treasury would keep its money - Federal funds would stimulate business by remaining in circulation - Could print money when needed | 22 | |
| 5514166791 | Thomas Jefferson's rebuttal for Hamilton's bank idea | - Said they had no power to make it — believed it was the states' rights - "Strict Constitution" | 23 | |
| 5514166792 | Hamilton's response to Thomas Jefferson | - Believed that Congress could pass anything necessary and proper - Government explicitly empowered to collect taxes and regulate trade - "Implied powers" or "loose constitution" - "Elastic clause" | 24 | |
| 5514166793 | Responses to Hamilton from the public | - Support from North because of commercial and financial centers - Opposition came from the South with agriculture | 25 | |
| 5514166794 | Established bank of the US | - Chartered for 20 years - 1791 in Philidelphia - Capital of $10 million - 1/5 owned by federal government - Stock thrown to the public - sold out in two hours | 26 | |
| 5514166795 | Whiskey Rebellion | By the Whiskey Boys in SW PN 1794 - Countrymen challenged national government - High excise tax was a burden on economic necessity - Made whiskey poles - like liberty poles - Tarred and feathered revenue officers - brought collections to a halt | 27 | |
| 5514166796 | Reactions and results to the Whiskey Rebellion | - GW summoned 13,000 militiamen - GW government gained a new respect for strength and authority - Brutal force to crush a small rebellion | 28 | |
| 5514166797 | Emergence of political parties | - Economic plan restored credibility but infringed upon states' rights - Madison and Jefferson made an opposition group to Hamiltonians - Originally supposed to be confined to Congress | 29 | |
| 5514166798 | Loyal opposition | Party out of power balances wishes of their political party | 30 | |
| 5514166799 | French Revolution | - Against Louis XVI - Americans cheered for liberty - second part of their revolt - Only a few Federalists were hostile to them - France declared war on Austria - won and declared itself a republic | 31 | |
| 5514166800 | Issues with the end of the French Revolution | - King beheaded in 1793 - Church attacked - Reign of terror began | 32 | |
| 5514166801 | Issues in America about the French Revolution | - Federalist aristocrats feared Jeffersonian masses - "Lukewarm" Federalists approval of the revolution changed to disapproval - Jeffersonians disregarded bloodshed - thought a few thousand deaths were necessary for freedom | 33 | |
| 5514166802 | George Washington in the war between France and Britain | - Believed war had to be avoided at all costs - Nation was unstable and disunited - Strategy of delay allowed population to increase, stabilize the nation, and then assert its power | 34 | |
| 5514166803 | Neutrality Proclamation | 1793 - GW proclaimed the government's official neutrality - Warned citizens to be impartial to armed camps | 35 | |
| 5514166804 | Citizen Edmond Genêt | - Came to Charleston, SC to negotiate - Fit out privateers and took advantage of alliance - Believed Neutrality Proclamation didn't reflect the true wishes of Americans - Recruited armies to invade Spanish Florida, Louisiana, and British Canada (in *America*!!!) - Threatened to appeal over the head of "Old Washington." - President demanded his withdrawal | 36 | |
| 5514166805 | How was America useful to France by being neutral? | It supplied the French West Indies needed foodstuffs. If they were in war, Britain would have blockaded the Yankees off | 37 | |
| 5514166806 | Little Turtle | - War Chief of Miamis - Defeated armies led by Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair - Gave notice to the Miami Confederacy that there were divided borders | 38 | |
| 5514166807 | Miami Confederacy | - Alliance of eight Indian nations who terrorized Americans invading their lands - Received firearms and firewater from British agents | 39 | |
| 5514166808 | Battle of Fallen Timbers | 1794 - New army under General "Mad Anthony" Wayne - British refused to shelter Indians - Treaty of Grenville offered | 40 | |
| 5514166809 | Treaty of Grenville | August 1795 - Confederacy gave up Old Northwest - Received $20k with $9k annually by Americans - Right to hunt lands - Recognition of status | 41 | |
| 5514166810 | British Royal Navy | - Struck the American ships giving supplies to French West Indies - Patriotic Americans wanted to fight George III - Federalists wanted peace — Hamilton's economic plan depended on trade with Britain | 42 | |
| 5514166811 | Jay's Treaty | - Britain would pay back for captured ships - Evacuate claims on US soil - Didn't say anything about future maritime seizures - Forced Jay to pay debts | 43 | |
| 5514166812 | Why didn't the Jeffersonians like Jay's Treaty | They would have to pay their debts | 44 | |
| 5514166813 | Pinckney's Treaty | - Spain granted navigation of rivers - Warehouse rights at New Orleans - West Florida - Feared Anglo-American alliance | 45 | |
| 5514166814 | Farewell Address | - GW delivered it written out Four pieces of advice 1) Don't get involved in European affairs 2) Don't make "permanent alliances" in foreign affairs 3) Don't form political parties 4) Avoid sectionalism | 46 | |
| 5514166815 | Results of George Washington's presidency | - Established two-term tradition - Central government established - Expanded West - Merchant trading safer - Kept out of foreign affairs | 47 | |
| 5514166816 | John Adams' presidency | - Won presidential election 71-68 especially in New England - Jefferson became VP - No appeal to the masses - Couldn't fulfill GW's position as well | 48 | |
| 5514166817 | XYZ Affair | - John Adams sent three men to meet Charles Maurice de Tallyrand - Named X, Y, and Z - French asked for $250k to talk to them - Americans found it intolerable | 49 | |
| 5514166818 | Charles Maurice de Tallyrand | Man who was at the XYZ affair meeting the American delegates | 50 | |
| 5514166819 | "War" between France and America | - Navy Department made - Three-ship Navy expanded - Marine Corps reestablished - 10,000 men army | 51 | |
| 5514166820 | Results in France — the quarrel between America and France | - Talleyrand realized another war would add another enemy - New American minister sent should be treated with respect | 52 | |
| 5514166821 | Results in America — the quarrel between America and France | - Adams got respect - Convention of 1800 | 53 | |
| 5514166822 | Convention of 1800 | - France agreed to end 22-year-old treaty - America agreed to pay damage claims | 54 | |
| 5514166823 | Alien Laws | - Federalists raised citizen requirement to be from 5 years to 14 years - President could deport foreigners in times of peace and deport/imprison them in times of hostility | 55 | |
| 5514166824 | Sedition Act | Anyone who hindered policies of government or defamed its officials would be liable to a heavy penalty and imprisonment | 56 | |
| 5514166825 | Results of the Alien and Sedition Acts | - 10 Jeffersonians brought to trial with Federalist judges - Made converts for Jeffersonians - Made expire in 1801 so it couldn't be used against them if they lost the election | 57 | |
| 5514166826 | Congressman Matthew Lyon | "Spitting Lion" - Spit in a Federalist's face and got the nickname - Was sent to jail for four months (not because of spitting) | 58 | |
| 5514166827 | Kentucky Resolution | - Jefferson feared Federalists were wiping out Jeffersonians and other rights - Made a series of resolutions approved by KY legislature | 59 | |
| 5514166828 | Virginia Resolution | James Madison made a similar but less extreme resolution approved by VA legislature | 60 | |
| 5514166829 | The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | - Made in opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts - 13 states were individual judges of whether or not authority was abused - Tried to preserve union - Crystalize opposition to Federalists | 61 | |
| 5514166830 | Results to the VA and KY Resolutions | - 1st statement of states' rights - Opened for nullification controversy and secession later on | 62 | |
| 5514166831 | Federalist vs Democratic-Republican (Google Doc) | http://preview.tinyurl.com/comparison-of-parties | 63 | |
| 5514166832 | Jeffersonian beliefs | - Only educated whites should vote- - Believed slaves were essential - without them, poor whites would have to provide labor - Strong appeal to middle class and underprivileged | 64 |
