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| 8466419699 | individualism | Word coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835 to describe Americans as people no longer bound by social attachments to classes, castes, associations, and family. | 0 | |
| 8466419700 | American Renaissance | A literary explosion during the 1840s inspired in part by Emerson's ideas on the liberation of the individual. |  | 1 |
| 8466419701 | utopias | Communities founded by reformers and transcendentalists to help realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from the competition of modern industrial society. | 2 | |
| 8466419702 | socialism | a system of social and economic organization based on the common ownership of goods or state control of the government | 3 | |
| 8466419703 | perfectionism | Christian movement of the 1830s that believed people could achieve moral perfection in their earthly lives because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred. | 4 | |
| 8466419704 | Mormonism | The religious beliefs and practices of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith. | 5 | |
| 8466419705 | minstrelsy | Popular theatrical entertainment that began around 1830 in which white performers in blackface performed comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism. | 6 | |
| 8466419706 | abolitionism | The social reform movement to end slavery and the slave trade that began in the 1830s. |  | 7 |
| 8466419707 | Underground Railroad | Informal network of whites and free blacks that helped runaway slaves escape from the South and to reach freedom in the North. |  | 8 |
| 8466419708 | amalgamation | A term for racial mixing and intermarriage, almost universally opposed by whites in the 19th century U.S. | 9 | |
| 8466419709 | gag rule | A procedural rule passed in the House of Representatives that prevented the discussion of antislavery petitions from 1836 to 1844. | 10 | |
| 8466419710 | separate sphere | Term used by historians to describe the 19th century view that men should dominate the public sphere of politics and economics and women should manage the private sphere of home and family. | 11 | |
| 8466419711 | domestic slavery | A term referring to the assertion by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other female abolitionists that traditional gender roles and legal restrictions created a form of slavery for married women. | 12 | |
| 8466419712 | married women's property laws | Laws enacted between 1839 and 1860 in some states that permitted married women to own, inherit, and bequeath property. | 13 | |
| 8466419713 | Seneca Falls Convention | (1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written |  | 14 |
| 8466419714 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. | 15 | |
| 8466419715 | Henry David Thoreau | American transcendentalist who wrote Walden. | 16 | |
| 8466419716 | Margaret Fuller | Edited a transcendentalist journal, "The Dial" and took part in the struggle to bring unity and republican government to Italy. Died in a Shipwreck off New York's Fire Island while returning to the United States in 1850 |  | 17 |
| 8466419717 | Walt Whitman | American poet and transcendentalist who wrote Leaves of Grass. |  | 18 |
| 8466419718 | Herman Melville | Critic of transcendentalism; wrote Moby Dick |  | 19 |
| 8466419719 | Nat Turner | United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virgini, he claimed that divine inspiration had led him to end the slavery system. |  | 20 |
| 8466419720 | William Lloyd Garrrison | Abolitionist, printer |  | 21 |
| 8466419721 | Dorothea Dix | person responsible for creating homes for the mentally ill and reforming the prison system in the U.S. |  | 22 |
| 8466419722 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | (1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. |  | 23 |
| 8466419723 | Susan B. Anthony | Key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation |  | 24 |
| 8466419724 | Theodore Weld | One of the leading abolitionists of his time period. Wrote a book called "American Slavery as it is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses." The book is considered the 2nd most influential book on the anti-slavery movement, behind only Uncle Tom's Cabin. Married Angelina Gremke. |  | 25 |
| 8466419725 | Sarah Gremke | Daughter of wealthy South Carolinians who became and abolitionist. | 26 | |
| 8466419726 | Angelina Gremke | Daughter of wealthy South Carolinians who became and abolitionist. Married Theodore Weld. Made speeches. | 27 | |
| 8466419727 | David Walker | Black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves; wrote the "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World."- called for a bloody end to white supremacy; believed that the only way to end slavery was for slaves to physically revolt. |  | 28 |
| 8466419728 | John Brown | Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately. |  | 29 |
| 8466419729 | Brigham Young | Successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith; responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Salt Lake City, Utah. |  | 30 |
| 8466419730 | Joseph Smith | Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. 1843, Smith's announcement that God sanctioned polygamy split the Mormons and let to an uprising against Mormons in 1844; translated the Book of Mormon and died a martyr. |  | 31 |
