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AP US History Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards

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5132714916patriarchya system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.0
5132719213transportation RevolutionRailroads were faster, cheaper, and had greater range than canals, but still grew only gradually at first. The transportation revolution produced the rapid growth of towns and cities.1
5132719214National Road 1808the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Built between 1811 and 1837, the 620-mile (1,000 km) Road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a main transport path to the West for thousands of settlers.2
5132721834Erie Canala canal in New York that is part of the east-west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (After a later conversion, became known as the New York State Barge Canal). Originally, it ran about 363 miles (584 km) from Albany, on the Hudson River, to Buffalo, at Lake Erie. It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.3
5132721835DeWitt ClintonDeWitt Clinton was an American politician and naturalist who served as a United States Senator and was the sixth Governor of New York. In this last capacity, he was largely responsible for the construction of the Erie Canal.4
5132725591Robert Fulton- SteamboatRobert Fulton was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called Clermont.5
5132727459Baltimore and Ohio RailroadsThe Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is one of the oldest railroads in the United States and the first common carrier railroad6
5132732491The Express Train- Currier and Ivesits a painting made by Currier and Ives of an express train7
5132732492Market RevolutionThe "market revolution" is a term used by historians to describe the expansion of the marketplace that occurred in early nineteenth-century America, prompted mainly by the construction of new roads and canals to connect distant communities together for the first time8
5132734746CommercializationCommercialization or commercialisation is the process of introducing a new product or production method into commerce—making it available on the market9
5132736499IndustrailizationIndustrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing10
5132736500Putting-out systemDomestic system, also called Putting-out System, production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers "put out" materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others.11
5132739267"ten footers"a historic wooden building at 36 William Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts, in the United States. On April, 1984, it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The building sits at the back of the Stoneham Historical Society premises.12
5132743973John Deere's steel plowthey had to interrupt their work to clean the sticky prairie soil off of their cast-iron plows. He also knew that the soil would slide easily off of a highly polished steel moldboard. Steel was scarce in the area, so Deere fashioned a moldboard out of the second-hand blade.13
5132743974seed drillsA seed drill is a sowing device that positions seeds in the soil and then covers them. The seed drill sows the seeds at equal distances and proper depth, ensuring that the seeds get covered with soil and are saved from being eaten by birds.14
5132747722Cyrus McCormick's reapers a farming tool or person that reaps (cuts and gathers) crops at harvest, when they are ripe.15
5132747723Slater's MillThe Slater Mill is a historic textile mill complex on the banks of the Blackstone River in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, modeled after cotton spinning mills first established in England16
5132750249Lowell MillsThe "Mill Girls" were female workers who came to work for the textile corporations in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the Industrial Revolution in the United States17
5132752670Family Millsfamily owned mills. children, women, and men work of these mills. Men got paid a lot more than women and children18
5132755988"The American System of Manufacturers"The American system of manufacturing was a set of manufacturing methods that evolved in the 19th century. The two notable features were the extensive use of interchangeable parts and mechanization for production, which resulted in more efficient use of labor compared to hand methods.19
5132758683Interchangeable PartsInterchangeable parts are parts (components) that are, for practical purposes, identical. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type.20
5132758684Eli WhitneyEli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.21
5132762331Samuel ColtSamuel Colt was an American inventor and industrialist from Hartford, Connecticut. He founded Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company, and made the mass production of the revolver commercially viable22
5132766152Isaac Singer's sewing machinean American inventor, actor, and entrepreneur. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company.23
5132766153Cash EconomyDefinition. noun. a black economy, where goods and services are paid for in cash, and therefore not declared for tax.24
5132768983"free labor"The definition of free labor ideology is the belief that labor should result in independence and wealth distribution. Free labor ideology is a term used to refer to the differences between the Northern and Southern economies during the nineteenth century.25
5132771509"middling sort"To be one of "the middling sort" in urban England in the late seventeenth or eighteenth century was to live a life tied, one way or another, to the world of commerce.26
5132773949Second Great AwakeningThe Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement27
5132773950Charles G FinneyCharles Grandison Finney was an American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism28
5132779815Catherine Beecher's Treatise on Domestic EconomyBeecher's philosophy was that men should dominate the broad political and economic spheres, and women should have complete control of the household, rearing of children, and education.29
5132783432Family LimitationMargaret Sanger Slee was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term "birth control", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. She wrote this book.30
5132783433Mother's MagazineMagazine issued by the Presbyterian Church; informed women of how to raise a child31
5132786975Sentimentalismthe excessive expression of feelings of tenderness, sadness, or nostalgia in behavior, writing, or speech.32
5132788792Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson, known professionally as Waldo Emerson, was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.33
5132790982Self-Reliance"Self-Reliance" is an 1841 essay written by American transcendentalist philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson.34
5132794198"transparent eyeball"The transparent eyeball is a philosophical metaphor originated by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The transparent eyeball is a representation of an eye that is absorbent rather than reflective, and therefore takes in all that nature has to offer.35
5132796909Henry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian36
5132796910Walden 1854a book by noted transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau. The text is a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings. The work is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and (to some degree) manual for self-reliance.37
5132801653woman in the nineteenth century 1845book by American journalist, editor, and women's rights advocate Margaret Fuller. Originally published in July 1843 in The Dial magazine as "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women", it was later expanded and republished in book form in 1845.38

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