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AP US History, Chapter 15 Flashcards

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15438775486Deism- emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge - God created but does no interfere0
15438775487Second Great Awakening(early nineteenth century) Religious revival characterized by emotional mass "camp meetings" and widespread conversion. Brought about a democratization of religion as a multiplicity of denominations vied for members.1
15438775488Burned-Over DistrictPopular name for western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.2
15438775489Mormons- Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s - officially known as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints., - facing deep hostility from their non-Mormon neighbors - settlement in the Utah desert.3
15438775490Lyceum(From the Greek name for the ancient Athenian school where Aristotle taught) Public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy. Part of a broader flourishing of higher education in the mid-nineteenth century.4
15438775491American Temperance SocietyFounded in Boston in 1826 as part of a growing effort of nineteenth-century reformers to limit alcohol consumption.5
15438775492Maine Law of 1851Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. A dozen other states followed Maine's lead, though most statutes proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade.6
15438775493Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls(1848) Gathering of feminist activists in Seneca Falls, New York where Elizabeth Lady Stanton read her "Declaration of Sentiments," stating that "all men and women are created equal".7
15438775494New Harmony(1825-1827)- around one thousand members, established in New Harmony, Indiana, by Robert Owen - kindergarten, free schools and library8
15438775495Brook Farm (1841-1846)- transcendental commune founded by a group of intellectuals - plain living, high thinking - communal home burned to the ground in 1846.9
15438775496Oneida CommunityOne of the more radical utopian communities established in the nineteenth century, it advocated "free love", birth control, and eugenics. Utopian communities reflected the reformist spirit of the age.10
15438775497Shakers- communistic in nature - celibate - recruited members from orphanages11
15438775500Hudson River School(mid-nineteenth century) American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.12
15438775502RomanticismEarly nineteenth-century movement in European and American literature and the arts that, in reaction to the hyper-rational Enlightenment, emphasized imagination over reason, nature over civilization, intuition over calculation, and the self over society.13
15438775503Transcendentalism(mid-nineteenth century) Literacy and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicted upon a belief that each person possesses an "inner light" that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God.14
15438775505Peter CartwrightMethodist revivalist who traversed the frontier from Tennessee to Illinois in the first decades of the nineteenth century, preaching against slavery and alcohol, and calling on sinners to repent.15
15438775506Charles Grandison FinneyOne of the leading revival preachers during the Second Great Awakening, he presided over mass camp meetings throughout New York state, championing temperance and abolition, and urging women to play a greater role in religious life.16
15438775507Joseph SmithFounder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons), he gained a following after an angel directed him to a set of golden plates which, when deciphered, became the Book of Mormon. His communal, authoritarian church and his advocacy of plural marriage antagonized his neighbors in Ohio, Missouri and finally Illinois, where he was murdered by a mob in 1844.17
15438775508Brigham YoungSecond president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, he led his Mormon followers to Salt Lake City, Utah after Joseph Smith's death. Under his discipline and guidance, the Utah settlement prospered, and the church expanded to include over 100,000 members by his death in 1877.18
15438775509Horace MannSecretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education and a champion of public education, advocating more and better school houses, longer terms, better pay for teachers and an expanded curriculum.19
15438775510Dorothea DixNew England teacher-author and champion of mental health reform, she assembled damning reports on insane asylums and petitioned the Massachusetts legislature to improve conditions.20
15438775511Neal S. DowNineteenth century temperance activist, dubbed the "Father of Prohibition" for his sponsorship of the Main Law of 1851, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the state.21
15438775512Lucretia MottProminent Quaker and abolitionist, she became a champion for women's rights after she and her fellow female delegates were not seated at the London antislavery convention of 1840. She, along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, held the first Woman's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls in 1848.22
15438775513Elizabeth Cady Stanton- abolitionist and woman suffragist - organized the first Woman's Rights Convention near her home in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. - she urged Congress to include women in the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments - founded the National Woman Suffrage Association to lobby for a constitutional amendment granting women the vote (with Susan B. Anthony)23
15438775514Susan B. Anthony- reformer and woman suffragist - advocated for temperance and women's rights in New York State - established the abolitionist Women's Loyal League - founded the National Woman Suffrage Association in 186924
15438775515Lucy Stone- abolitionist and women's rights activist - kept her maiden name after marriage, inspiring other women to follow her example - founded the American Woman Suffrage Association, which lobbied for suffrage primarily at the state level.25
15438775517Robert OwenScottish-born textile manufacturer and founder of New Harmony, a short-lived communal society of about a thousand people in Indiana.26
15438798010John AudubonFrench-American naturalist who was known for his paintings of wild birds in their natural surroundings, best known for his work Birds of America.27
15438775519Stephen C. FosterPopular American folk composer who popularized minstrel songs, which fused African rhythms with nostalgic melodies.28
15438775520James Fenimore CooperAmerican novelist and a member of New York's Knickerbocker Group, he wrote adventure tales, including The Last of the Mohicans, which won acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic.29
15438775521Ralph Waldo EmersonBoston-born scholar and leading American transcendentalist, whose essays, most notably "Self- Reliance" stressed individualism, self-improvement, optimism and freedom.30
15438775522Henry David ThoreauAmerican transcendentalist and author of Walden: Or Life in the Woods. A committed idealist and abolitionist, he advocated civil disobedience, spending a night in jail for refusing to pay a poll tax to a government that supported slave31
15438775523Walt WhitmanBrooklyn-born poet and author of Leaves of Grass, a collection of poems, written largely in free verse, which exuberantly celebrated America's democratic spirit.32
15438775526Emily DickinsonMassachusetts born poet who, despite spending her life as a recluse, created a vivid inner world through her poetry, exploring themes of nature, love, death and immortality. Refusing to publish during her lifetime, she left behind nearly two thousand poems, which were published after her death.33
15438775527Edgar Allan PoeAmerican poet, short-story writer, editor and literary critic who is best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre.34

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