Created by Matthew Piccolella
Terms : Hide Images
| 357326741 | Conflicts with Reconstruction | how would the South rebuild itself? should states rejoin the Union?, conflicts continued after the war, Republicans wanted to continue economic progress, Southern aristocracy needed cheap labor force, etc. | 0 | |
| 357326742 | Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction | 1863 Lincoln felt the states never left, Lincoln set up a simple process for political Reconstruction, full presidential pardons would be granted to southerners who took an oath of allegiance to Union and Constitution and accepted emancipation of slaves, state government could be reenacted as soon as 10% of voters took oath, rewrite Constitutions | 1 | |
| 357326743 | Reconstruction | the progress of reconstructing the state governments in the South so that Unionists were in charge rather than secessionists | 2 | |
| 357326744 | Wade-Davis Bill | 1864 proposed more demanding and stringent terms for Reconstruction, required 50% of the voters of a state to take loyalty oath and permitted only non-Confederates to vote for a new constitution, Lincoln pocket-vetoed it | 3 | |
| 357326745 | Freedmen's Bureau | acted as a welfare agency, provided food, shelter, medical aid to blacks and homeless whites, resettlement efforts were frustrated when Johnson pardoned Confederate owners of confiscated land, EDUCATION | 4 | |
| 357326746 | Oliver O. Howard | helped to establish nearly 30000 schools for freed blacks, taught 200000 African Americans how to read under the Freedmen's Bureau | 5 | |
| 357326747 | Lincoln's Last Speech | encouraged northerners to accept Louisiana as a reconstructed state, voting rights conferred now, assassinated three days later, he would have moved to Radical Republican | 6 | |
| 357326748 | Andrew Johnson | humble beginnings, self-taught tailor, Tennessee, championed interests of poor whites, only senator from Confederate State to remain loyal, appointed Tennessee governor, picked as Lincoln's running mate to encourage pro-Union Democrats, white supremacist | 7 | |
| 357326749 | Johnson's Reconstruction Plan | Johnson issued his own Reconstruction proclamation, similar to Lincoln's, provided for disfranchisement of all former leaders and officeholders of Confederacy, Confederates with more than 20,000 in property, president also retained power to grant individual pardons, many Confederate leaders were back in office as a result | 8 | |
| 357326750 | Southern Governments of 1865 | all 11 states qualified under Reconstruction plan, drew up new Constitutions, none of the new Constitutions gave voting rights to African Americans, former leaders were starting to be elected | 9 | |
| 357544683 | Black Codes | intended to restrict rights and movements of freed African Americans, prohibited blacks from renting or borrowing land, vagrant and apprentices, prohibited blacks from testifying against whites, disillusioned Reconstruction | 10 | |
| 357544684 | Contract-Labor System | blacks worked the cotton fields under white supervision for deferred wages | 11 | |
| 357544685 | Johnson's Vetoes | Johnson vetoed a bill increasing services offered by the Freedmen's Bureau and a civil rights bill that nullified the Black Codes and guaranteed citizenship | 12 | |
| 357544686 | Election of 1866 | "swing around the circle" to attack Radicals, argued equal rights were bad, Republicans accused him of being a traitor, waving the bloody shirt, Republican propaganda, Republicans gained huge control of both houses | 13 | |
| 357544687 | Waving the Bloody Shirt | inflaming the hatreds of northern voters by reminding them of the hardships of war | 14 | |
| 357544688 | Congressional Reconstruction | three rounds of Reconstruction, first Lincoln and Johnson's to restore statehood, second came congressional reaction, Congress was infuriated by Presidential Plans, put south into harsh reconstruction | 15 | |
| 357544689 | Radical Republicans | championed civil rights for blacks, shifted toward radical position in 1866 out out fear of reunified Democratic party, South would have more representatives, Benjamin Wade and others supported women's suffrage, rights for labor unions, and civil rights for Northern Blacks | 16 | |
| 357544690 | Charles Sumner | leading Radical Republican | 17 | |
| 357544691 | Thaddeus Stevens | Pennsylvania, hoped to revolutionize southern society using an extended period of military rule in which blacks could demonstrate their civil rights, would be educated, and receive lands confiscated from planters | 18 | |
| 357544692 | Civil Rights Act of 1866 | pronounced all African Americans to be US citizens, repudiated Dred Scott, attempted to provide legal shield against Black Codes, feared the bill would be repealed in Democratic Congress | 19 | |
| 357544693 | Fourteenth Amendment | declared all persons born or naturalized in the US were citizens, obligated the states to respect the rights of US citizens and provide them with "equal protection of the laws" and "due process of law", states were required to uphold the rights of citizens, also disqualified former Confederate political leaders from holding office, repudiated debts of Confederate governments, penalized a state by reducing Congressional representation if it prevented people from voting | 20 | |
| 357544694 | Report of Joint Committee | Senate issued report recommending former Confederates don't get representation in Congress, asserted Congress had right to determine Reconstruction, officially rejected the President's plan | 21 | |
| 357544695 | Reconstruction Acts of 1867 | took drastic steps of placing south under military occupation, divided former Confederate states into five military districts, each under control of Union army, increased requirements for regaining statehood, ex-Confederate state had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment and place guarantees in its conditions for granting the right to vote to all males | 22 | |
| 357544696 | Tenure of Office Act | prohibited the president from removing a federal official or military commander without the approval of the Senate 1867, strictly political to keep Radical Republicans in Johnson's cabinet | 23 | |
| 357544697 | Impeachment of Andrew Johnson | Johnson dismissed Edwin Stanton , House impeached him with 11 "high crimes", three month trial in the Senate fell one vote short of removing him from office, seven Republicans joined Democrats because they thought it would set bad precedent | 24 | |
| 357544698 | Edwin Stanton | Radical Republican Secretary of War in Johnson's cabinet who was removed | 25 | |
| 357544699 | Election of 1868 | Republicans turned to Ulysses S. Grant, though he had no political experience, managed only 300,000 more popular votes than Horatio Seymour, Democratic Counterpart, 500000 blacks voted for Grant | 26 | |
| 357544700 | Fifteenth Amendment | 1869 secured vote fr African Americans, prohibited any state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, previous condition of servitude" | 27 | |
| 357544701 | Civil Rights Act of 1875 | last of Civil Rights Reconstruction acts, guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries, poorly enforced | 28 | |
| 357544702 | Reconstruction in South | Republican Party reorganized and dominated the governments of ex-Confederate states, each Republican-controlled government was under military protection until it met requirements, took up to 9 years | 29 | |
| 357544703 | Scalawags | southern Republicans, usually former Whigs interested in economic development for the state | 30 | |
| 357544704 | Carpetbaggers | northern newcomers to the South | 31 | |
| 357544705 | African-American Legislators | most of blacks who held office were educated property holders who took moderate positions, two senators, dozen black representatives to Congress | 32 | |
| 357544706 | Blanche K. Bruce | first Black senator | 33 | |
| 357544707 | Hiram Revels | Black senator who took the position once held by Jefferson Davis | 34 | |
| 357551518 | Accomplishments of Republicans | liberalized state constitutions in the South with universal male suffrage, property rights for women, debt relief, modernized penal codes, promoted building of roads, bridges, railroads, other internal improvements, state institutions like hospitals and asylums, established public school systems, new tax systems and bonds paid for it | 35 | |
| 357551519 | Failures of Republicans | depicted as utterly wasteful and corrupt, graft and wasteful spending, taking kickbacks and bribes, no worse than that in Washington or any other geographic section, no one was immune to it | 36 | |
| 357551520 | Building Black Communities | reuniting families, learning to read and write, migrating to cities, opportunity for achieving independence from white control, hundreds of black churches, black ministers became leading figures, established independent schools to teach children like Howard, Atlanta, Fisk, etc., decision of many to migrate from South and establish communities in the frontier states | 37 | |
| 357551521 | Sharecropping | landowners attempted to get blacks to sign contracts to work the fields, permanent unrestricted labor, black insistence on autonomy led to new system, landlord provided seed and other needed supplies for half of the harvest, sharecroppers remained dependent on the landowner or in debt to local merchants, only 5% were independent land owners | 38 | |
| 357551522 | Rise of the Spoilsmen | political manipulators like Roscoe Conklin and James Blaine who were masters of patronage, replaced the Reformers | 39 | |
| 357551523 | Patronage | giving jobs and government favors to their supporters | 40 | |
| 357551524 | Gould-Fisk Scandal | 1869 Grant's brother-in-law helped them in a scheme to corner the gold market | 41 | |
| 357551525 | Credit Mobilier Affair | insiders gave stock to influential members of Congress to avoid investigation or the profits they wre making from government subsidies for building the Transcontinental Railroad | 42 | |
| 357551526 | Whiskey Ring | federal revenue agents conspired with the liquor industry to defraud the government of millions in taxes | 43 | |
| 357551527 | Boss Tweed | masterminded schemes to defraud New York tax payers, stole $200 million | 44 | |
| 357551528 | Thomas Nast | exposed the Tweed ring with his expose in the New York Times and brought about an end to the graft | 45 | |
| 357551529 | Election of 1872 | Liberal Republicans and Democrats nominated Horace Greeley, Republicans waved the bloody shirt, Grant was reelected in a landslide | 46 | |
| 357551530 | Horace Greeley | Liberal Republican and Democratic nominee, editor of the New York Tribune, advocated civil service reform, an end of railroad subsidies, withdrawal of troops from the South, reduced tariffs, and free trade, | 47 | |
| 357551531 | Panic of 1873 | over-speculation by financiers and overbuilding of industry and railroads led to widespread failures and depression, debtors sought an inflationary solution by demanding Greenbacks, Grant refused and kept the Gold | 48 | |
| 357551532 | End of Reconstruction | southern conservatives (redeemers) began to take control of state governments, agreed on states' rights, reduced taxes, reduced spending on social programs, white supremacy | 49 | |
| 357551533 | Redeemers | Southern conservatives who took over the last stage of Reconstruction | 50 | |
| 357551534 | Ku Klux Klan | secret society intended to intimidate blacks and white reformers, burned black-owned buildings and murdered freedmen to keep them from exercising voting rights | 51 | |
| 357553419 | Nathaniel Bedford Forrest | ex-Confederate general, founded the KKK in 1867 | 52 | |
| 357553420 | Force Acts | gave power to federal authorities to stop KKK violence and to protect the civil rights of citizens in the South | 53 | |
| 357553421 | Amnesty Act of 1872 | Congress passed this act that removed the last of the restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for top leaders, chief political consequence was it allowed southern conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state governments | 54 | |
| 357553422 | Election of 1876 | federal troops had been withdrawn from all southern states except three, Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes, Democrats chose Samuel Tilden, Democrats had won clear majority, votes were contested in southern states, Tilden needed one electoral vote, special election committee gave Hayes all the votes, Democrats threatened to filibuster and send election to the house | 55 | |
| 357553423 | Compromise of 1877 | deal was worked out between the parties, Hayes would become president on condition that he would immediately end federal support for Republicans in the South and would support the building of a Southern railroad, withdrew last troops protecting blacks in the South | 56 | |
| 357553424 | Liberal Republicans | Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts | 57 |
